See reukan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for reukan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rēocan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rēocan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rēocan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: reken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: reken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rek",
"3": "reke",
"4": "reik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rek, reke, reik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rek, reke, reik"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reek"
},
"expansion": "English: reek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: reek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "riāka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: riāka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: riāka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "röke"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: röke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: röke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "reekje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: reekje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: reekje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*riokan",
"3": "*rūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rêken",
"3": "rûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rüken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: rüken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: rüken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ruuke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rûke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: rûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: rûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "riecan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "riohhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: riohhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: riohhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "riechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: riechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: riechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "riechen"
},
"expansion": "German: riechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: riechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "riacha"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: riacha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: riacha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "richen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: richen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: richen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*reukaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "reukan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "reuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reukē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riuk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "reukandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*reukan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/reukan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to smoke, give off smoke"
],
"id": "en-reukan-gmw-pro-verb-TdHDiq4W",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"give off",
"give off"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "rauki"
},
{
"word": "ruki"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "reukan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rēocan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rēocan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rēocan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: reken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: reken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rek",
"3": "reke",
"4": "reik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rek, reke, reik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rek, reke, reik"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reek"
},
"expansion": "English: reek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: reek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "riāka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: riāka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: riāka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "röke"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: röke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: röke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "reekje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: reekje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: reekje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*riokan",
"3": "*rūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rêken",
"3": "rûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rüken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: rüken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: rüken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ruuke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rûke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: rûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: rûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "riecan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "riohhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: riohhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: riohhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "riechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: riechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: riechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "riechen"
},
"expansion": "German: riechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: riechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "riacha"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: riacha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: riacha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "richen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: richen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: richen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*reukaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "reukan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "reukannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "reuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "reukē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "reukēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riuk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "reukandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*reukan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/reukan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "rauki"
},
{
"word": "ruki"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Fire"
],
"glosses": [
"to smoke, give off smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"give off",
"give off"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "reukan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.