"reukan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See reukan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *reukaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*reukaną}} Proto-Germanic *reukaną Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *reukan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-st}} Forms: strong [table-tags], reukan [infinitive], reukannjas [genitive, infinitive], reukannjē [dative, infinitive], reukannju [infinitive, instrumental], reuku [first-person, present, singular], rauk [first-person, past, singular], riukiʀi [present, second-person, singular], rukī [past, second-person, singular], riukidi [present, singular, third-person], rauk [past, singular, third-person], reukum [first-person, plural, present], rukum [first-person, past, plural], riukid [plural, present, second-person], rukud [past, plural, second-person], reukand [plural, present, third-person], rukun [past, plural, third-person], reukē [first-person, present, singular], rukī [first-person, past, singular], reukēs [present, second-person, singular], reukē [present, singular, third-person], rukī [past, singular, third-person], reukēm [first-person, plural, present], rukīm [first-person, past, plural], reukēþ [plural, present, second-person], rukīd [past, plural, second-person], reukēn [plural, present, third-person], rukīn [past, plural, third-person], riuk [present, singular], riukid [plural, present], reukandī [participle, present], rokan [participle, past]
  1. to smoke, give off smoke Tags: reconstruction Related terms: rauki, ruki
    Sense id: en-reukan-gmw-pro-verb-TdHDiq4W Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for reukan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "rēocan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: rēocan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: rēocan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "reken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: reken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: reken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rek",
            "3": "reke",
            "4": "reik"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rek, reke, reik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rek, reke, reik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "reek"
          },
          "expansion": "English: reek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: reek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "riāka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: riāka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: riāka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frr",
            "2": "röke"
          },
          "expansion": "North Frisian: röke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "North Frisian: röke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "reekje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: reekje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: reekje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*riokan",
            "3": "*rūkan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "rêken",
            "3": "rûken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "rüken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: rüken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: rüken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "ruuke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "rûke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ West Frisian: rûke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ West Frisian: rûke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "riecan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "riohhan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: riohhan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: riohhan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "riechen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: riechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: riechen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "riechen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: riechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: riechen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "riacha"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: riacha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: riacha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "richen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: richen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: richen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reuku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rauk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rauk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rokan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*reukan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/reukan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smoke, give off smoke"
      ],
      "id": "en-reukan-gmw-pro-verb-TdHDiq4W",
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "give off",
          "give off"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "rauki"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruki"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "reukan"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "rēocan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: rēocan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: rēocan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "reken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: reken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: reken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rek",
            "3": "reke",
            "4": "reik"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rek, reke, reik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rek, reke, reik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "reek"
          },
          "expansion": "English: reek",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: reek"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "riāka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: riāka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: riāka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frr",
            "2": "röke"
          },
          "expansion": "North Frisian: röke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "North Frisian: röke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "reekje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: reekje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: reekje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*riokan",
            "3": "*rūkan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "rêken",
            "3": "rûken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: rêken, rûken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "rüken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: rüken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: rüken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "ruuke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Saterland Frisian: ruuke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "rûke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ West Frisian: rûke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ West Frisian: rûke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "riecan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon\nMiddle Dutch: ruken\nDutch: ruiken, rieken\nLimburgish: ruke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "riohhan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: riohhan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: riohhan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "riechen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: riechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: riechen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "riechen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: riechen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: riechen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "riacha"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: riacha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: riacha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "richen"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: richen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: richen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reuku",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rauk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rauk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "riukid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reukandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rokan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*reukan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/reukan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rauki"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruki"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Fire"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smoke, give off smoke"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "give off",
          "give off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "reukan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.