See raukijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "biraukijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "rīeċan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "rikje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "rēka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "rikje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "rētza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "röken"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rookje"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rôken"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "röken"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rookje"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rö̂ken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*rōkian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "rouke"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "ruike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "rôken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "rōken"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "raachen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchern"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "reecheren"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "reykhern",
"word": "רײכערן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "röuchern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "rouchen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "raachen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchern"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "reecheren"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "reykhern",
"word": "רײכערן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "röuchern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "röuchen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "rouhhen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raukijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raukijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rauki",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "*rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *raukijaną. Equivalent to *rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rauki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*raukijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raukijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cause smoke"
],
"id": "en-raukijan-gmw-pro-verb-1ziAymwZ",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to treat (food) with smoke"
],
"id": "en-raukijan-gmw-pro-verb-Vxl8rQ-K",
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raukijan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biraukijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "rīeċan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "rikje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "rēka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "rikje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "rētza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "röken"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rookje"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rôken"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "röken"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rookje"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rö̂ken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*rōkian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "roken"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "rouke"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "ruike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "rôken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "rōken"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "raachen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchern"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "reecheren"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "reykhern",
"word": "רײכערן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "röuchern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "rouchen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchen"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "raachen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "räuchern"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "reecheren"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "reykhern",
"word": "רײכערן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "röuchern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "röuchen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "rouhhen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raukijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raukijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rauki",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "*rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *raukijaną. Equivalent to *rauki (“smoke”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "rauki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "raukid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*raukijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raukijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Fire"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"to treat (food) with smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "raukijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raukijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.