See rairōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rārian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rārian\nMiddle English: raren, roren\nEnglish: roar\nScots: rare, rair\n>? Scots: rere, reir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rārian\nMiddle English: raren, roren\nEnglish: roar\nScots: rare, rair\n>? Scots: rere, reir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*rāria"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *rāria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *rāria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "roorje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: roorje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: roorje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rērōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rērōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rērōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rêren",
"3": "râren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rêren, râren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rêren, râren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "reren",
"3": "raren"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: reren, raren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: reren, raren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rēron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rēron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rēron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "reren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: reren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: reren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: reren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: reren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rērēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rērēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rērēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rēren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rēren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rehren",
"3": "röhren"
},
"expansion": "German: rehren, röhren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: rehren, röhren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrey-",
"t": "to scream, roar, howl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrey- (“to scream, roar, howl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ríeti",
"pos": "j-type",
"t": "to scream; to bark at, scold"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ríeti (“to scream; to bark at, scold”, j-type)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "riet",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Latvian riet (“to bark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ра́ять",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "Russian ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रै",
"3": "",
"4": "noise, barking sound"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रै (rai, “noise, barking sound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hrey- (“to scream, roar, howl, bark”). Cognate with Lithuanian ríeti (“to scream; to bark at, scold”, j-type), Latvian riet (“to bark”), Russian ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to sound”) and possibly Sanskrit रै (rai, “noise, barking sound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*rairōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rairōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to roar, bellow"
],
"id": "en-rairōn-gmw-pro-verb-00AKdPjM",
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"bellow",
"bellow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cry, wail"
],
"id": "en-rairōn-gmw-pro-verb-Y7SpIY2p",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"wail",
"wail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rairōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rārian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: rārian\nMiddle English: raren, roren\nEnglish: roar\nScots: rare, rair\n>? Scots: rere, reir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: rārian\nMiddle English: raren, roren\nEnglish: roar\nScots: rare, rair\n>? Scots: rere, reir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*rāria"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *rāria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *rāria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "roorje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: roorje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: roorje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rērōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rērōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rērōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rêren",
"3": "râren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rêren, râren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rêren, râren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "reren",
"3": "raren"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: reren, raren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: reren, raren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rēron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rēron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rēron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "reren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: reren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: reren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: reren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: reren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rērēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rērēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rērēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rēren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rēren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rehren",
"3": "röhren"
},
"expansion": "German: rehren, röhren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: rehren, röhren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrey-",
"t": "to scream, roar, howl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrey- (“to scream, roar, howl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ríeti",
"pos": "j-type",
"t": "to scream; to bark at, scold"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ríeti (“to scream; to bark at, scold”, j-type)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "riet",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Latvian riet (“to bark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ра́ять",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "Russian ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रै",
"3": "",
"4": "noise, barking sound"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रै (rai, “noise, barking sound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hrey- (“to scream, roar, howl, bark”). Cognate with Lithuanian ríeti (“to scream; to bark at, scold”, j-type), Latvian riet (“to bark”), Russian ра́ять (rájatʹ, “to sound”) and possibly Sanskrit रै (rai, “noise, barking sound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rairō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rairōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*rairōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rairōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Animal sounds",
"gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
],
"glosses": [
"to roar, bellow"
],
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"bellow",
"bellow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Crying"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, wail"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"wail",
"wail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rairōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rairōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.