See rōbijā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rōvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rōvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rōvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rö̂ve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rö̂ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rö̂ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rööv"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Rööv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Rööv"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rova",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Swedish: rova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Swedish: rova"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "roe",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Danish: roe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Danish: roe, (dialectal) rove"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ruova"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ruova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ruova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rôve",
"3": "roeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rôve, roeve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rôve, roeve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reuf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: reuf",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: reuf (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruoba",
"3": "ruoppa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruoba, ruoppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruoba, ruoppa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rüebe",
"3": "ruobe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rüebe, ruobe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rüebe, ruobe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Rueb"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Rueb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Rueb"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Rüebli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Alemannic German: Rüebli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Alemannic German: Rüebli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Ruam",
"3": "Ruab"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Ruam, Ruab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Ruam, Ruab"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "ruab"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: ruab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: ruab"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rübe"
},
"expansion": "German: Rübe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rübe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rōbijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rōbijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)rāp-yéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-yéh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *rōbijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-yéh₂, from *(s)rā́ps (“turnip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*rōbijā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rōbijā",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rēbā"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beet"
],
"id": "en-rōbijā-gmw-pro-noun-j~RJ3Ppu",
"links": [
[
"beet",
"beet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turnip"
],
"id": "en-rōbijā-gmw-pro-noun-YJqQIEFI",
"links": [
[
"turnip",
"turnip"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "rōbijā"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rōvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rōvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rōvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rö̂ve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rö̂ve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rö̂ve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rööv"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Rööv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Rööv"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rova",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Swedish: rova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Swedish: rova"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "roe",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Danish: roe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Danish: roe, (dialectal) rove"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ruova"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ruova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ruova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rôve",
"3": "roeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rôve, roeve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rôve, roeve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reuf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: reuf",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: reuf (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruoba",
"3": "ruoppa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ruoba, ruoppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ruoba, ruoppa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rüebe",
"3": "ruobe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: rüebe, ruobe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: rüebe, ruobe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Rueb"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Rueb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Rueb"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Rüebli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Alemannic German: Rüebli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Alemannic German: Rüebli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Ruam",
"3": "Ruab"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Ruam, Ruab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Ruam, Ruab"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "ruab"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: ruab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: ruab"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rübe"
},
"expansion": "German: Rübe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rübe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rōbijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rōbijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)rāp-yéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-yéh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Presumably from Proto-Germanic *rōbijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-yéh₂, from *(s)rā́ps (“turnip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*rōbijā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rōbijā",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rēbā"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Amaranths and goosefoots",
"gmw-pro:Root vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"beet"
],
"links": [
[
"beet",
"beet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Brassicas",
"gmw-pro:Root vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"turnip"
],
"links": [
[
"turnip",
"turnip"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "rōbijā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rōbijā meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.