See pīnā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pīnā meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*pīne"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *pīne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *pīne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pyne",
"3": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pyne, pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pyne, pine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: pijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: pijn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: pīna"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peyh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnus",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin pīnus (“pine tree”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*pīnā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pīnabaum"
},
{
"word": "pīnapplu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"id": "en-pīnā-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:tree",
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pīnabaum"
},
{
"word": "*dannā"
},
{
"word": "*dannjā"
},
{
"word": "*furhu"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pīnā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "pīne"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: pīne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: pīne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Piene"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Piene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Piene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pīne",
"3": "pīn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: pīne, pīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: pīne, pīn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: pine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijn\nAfrikaans: pyn\nBerbice Creole Dutch: pin\nJersey Dutch: pāin\nNegerhollands: pien, pin\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)\n→? Aukan: pin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijn\nAfrikaans: pyn\nBerbice Creole Dutch: pin\nJersey Dutch: pāin\nNegerhollands: pien, pin\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)\n→? Aukan: pin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pīne",
"3": "pīn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pīne, pīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pīne, pīn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pein"
},
"expansion": "German: Pein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pein"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "pēna"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pēna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin pēna, from Latin poena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*pīnā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pīnōn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"torment, pain"
],
"id": "en-pīnā-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:pain",
"links": [
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:pain"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pīnā"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyh₂-",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pīnabaum"
},
{
"word": "pīnapplu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*pīne"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *pīne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *pīne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pyne",
"3": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pyne, pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pyne, pine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: pijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: pijn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: pīna"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peyh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnus",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin pīnus (“pine tree”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*pīnā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Pines"
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pīnabaum"
},
{
"word": "*dannā"
},
{
"word": "*dannjā"
},
{
"word": "*furhu"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pīnā"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pīnōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "pīne"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: pīne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: pīne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Piene"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Piene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Piene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pīne",
"3": "pīn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: pīne, pīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: pīne, pīn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: pine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: pijn\nAfrikaans: pyn\nBerbice Creole Dutch: pin\nJersey Dutch: pāin\nNegerhollands: pien, pin\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)\n→? Aukan: pin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: pijn\nAfrikaans: pyn\nBerbice Creole Dutch: pin\nJersey Dutch: pāin\nNegerhollands: pien, pin\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)\n→? Aukan: pin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: pīna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: pīna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pīne",
"3": "pīn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pīne, pīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pīne, pīn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pein"
},
"expansion": "German: Pein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pein"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "pēna"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pēna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin pēna, from Latin poena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*pīnā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Pain"
],
"glosses": [
"torment, pain"
],
"links": [
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:pain"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pīnā"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.