See pālu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pāl",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāl\nOld English: pāl\nMiddle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal\nEnglish: pole\nScots: pale, pall\nYola: pulmere\nOld Frisian: pāl\nNorth Frisian: pul\nWest Frisian: peal, poal\nOld Saxon: pāl\nMiddle Low German: pâl\nGerman Low German: Pahl\nOld Dutch: pāl\nMiddle Dutch: pale, pael\nDutch: paal\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl\nMiddle High German: phāl, pfāl\nGerman: Pfahl\nLuxembourgish: Poul\nVilamovian: föł",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāl\nOld English: pāl\nMiddle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal\nEnglish: pole\nScots: pale, pall\nYola: pulmere\nOld Frisian: pāl\nNorth Frisian: pul\nWest Frisian: peal, poal\nOld Saxon: pāl\nMiddle Low German: pâl\nGerman Low German: Pahl\nOld Dutch: pāl\nMiddle Dutch: pale, pael\nDutch: paal\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl\nMiddle High German: phāl, pfāl\nGerman: Pfahl\nLuxembourgish: Poul\nVilamovian: föł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pāli"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāli\nOld English: pǣl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nOld Frisian: pēl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nNorth Frisian: pil\nSaterland Frisian: Peel\nOld Saxon: pāl (inflected as an i-stem)\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl (inflected as an i-stem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāli\nOld English: pǣl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nOld Frisian: pēl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nNorth Frisian: pil\nSaterland Frisian: Peel\nOld Saxon: pāl (inflected as an i-stem)\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl (inflected as an i-stem)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "pālus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pālus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pālus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*pālu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pālu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pole, stake"
],
"id": "en-pālu-gmw-pro-noun-IOEjAJO9",
"links": [
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pālu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pāl",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāl\nOld English: pāl\nMiddle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal\nEnglish: pole\nScots: pale, pall\nYola: pulmere\nOld Frisian: pāl\nNorth Frisian: pul\nWest Frisian: peal, poal\nOld Saxon: pāl\nMiddle Low German: pâl\nGerman Low German: Pahl\nOld Dutch: pāl\nMiddle Dutch: pale, pael\nDutch: paal\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl\nMiddle High German: phāl, pfāl\nGerman: Pfahl\nLuxembourgish: Poul\nVilamovian: föł",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāl\nOld English: pāl\nMiddle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal\nEnglish: pole\nScots: pale, pall\nYola: pulmere\nOld Frisian: pāl\nNorth Frisian: pul\nWest Frisian: peal, poal\nOld Saxon: pāl\nMiddle Low German: pâl\nGerman Low German: Pahl\nOld Dutch: pāl\nMiddle Dutch: pale, pael\nDutch: paal\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl\nMiddle High German: phāl, pfāl\nGerman: Pfahl\nLuxembourgish: Poul\nVilamovian: föł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pāli"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāli\nOld English: pǣl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nOld Frisian: pēl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nNorth Frisian: pil\nSaterland Frisian: Peel\nOld Saxon: pāl (inflected as an i-stem)\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl (inflected as an i-stem)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pāli\nOld English: pǣl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nOld Frisian: pēl (shows i-mutation but inflected as an a-stem)\nNorth Frisian: pil\nSaterland Frisian: Peel\nOld Saxon: pāl (inflected as an i-stem)\nOld High German: pfāl, phāl (inflected as an i-stem)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "pālus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pālus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pālus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pāliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*pālu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pālu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"pole, stake"
],
"links": [
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pālu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pālu meaning in Proto-West Germanic (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.