See luginu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lyġen",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lyġen\nMiddle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)\nEnglish: lie\nScots: ley, lie",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lyġen\nMiddle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)\nEnglish: lie\nScots: ley, lie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "leine"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: leine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: leine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Löägene"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Löägene",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Löägene (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ljeagen",
"3": "leagen"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lȫgene"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lȫgene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lȫgene"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Lögen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Lögen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Lögen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "løgn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: løgn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: løgn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lygn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: lygn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: lygn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lögn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: lögn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: lögn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "luegene",
"3": "lōgene"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leugen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: leugen\nAfrikaans: leuen\nNegerhollands: lug, lik\n→ West Frisian: leugen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: leugen\nAfrikaans: leuen\nNegerhollands: lug, lik\n→ West Frisian: leugen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lügene",
"3": "lügen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lügene, lügen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lügene, lügen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lüge"
},
"expansion": "German: Lüge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Lüge (partially)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Ligen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Ligen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Ligen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ליגן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ליגן (lign)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ליגן (lign)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luginō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luginō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luginaz",
"t": "lying, false"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *luginō, a late variant of *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), perhaps reinforced by Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "luginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*luginu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/luginu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "luginārī"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lie, falsehood"
],
"id": "en-luginu-gmw-pro-noun-kyV~MqEu",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "leugan"
},
{
"word": "lugī"
},
{
"word": "lugin"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "luginu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "luginārī"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lyġen",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lyġen\nMiddle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)\nEnglish: lie\nScots: ley, lie",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lyġen\nMiddle English: liȝe, lighe, leghe, lie (likely having merged with descendants of Old English lyġe)\nEnglish: lie\nScots: ley, lie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "leine"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: leine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: leine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Löägene"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Löägene",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Middle Low German"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Middle Low German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Löägene (possibly from Middle Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ljeagen",
"3": "leagen"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ljeagen, leagen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lȫgene"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lȫgene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lȫgene"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Lögen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Lögen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Lögen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "løgn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: løgn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: løgn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lygn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: lygn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: lygn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lögn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: lögn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: lögn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "luegene",
"3": "lōgene"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: luegene, lōgene"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leugen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: leugen\nAfrikaans: leuen\nNegerhollands: lug, lik\n→ West Frisian: leugen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: leugen\nAfrikaans: leuen\nNegerhollands: lug, lik\n→ West Frisian: leugen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lugina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lugina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lugina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lügene",
"3": "lügen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lügene, lügen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lügene, lügen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lüge"
},
"expansion": "German: Lüge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "partially"
},
"expansion": "(partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Lüge (partially)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Ligen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Ligen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Ligen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ליגן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ליגן (lign)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ליגן (lign)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luginō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luginō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luginaz",
"t": "lying, false"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *luginō, a late variant of *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), perhaps reinforced by Proto-Germanic *luginaz (“lying, false”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "luginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luginōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luginum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*luginu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/luginu",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "leugan"
},
{
"word": "lugī"
},
{
"word": "lugin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"gmw-pro:Lying"
],
"glosses": [
"lie, falsehood"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "luginu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for luginu meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.