"liuhtijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See liuhtijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną. Equivalent to *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*liuhtijaną}} Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną, {{affix|gmw-pro|*leuht|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=light, bright}} *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *liuhtijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], liuhtijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], liuhtijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], liuhtijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], liuhtijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], liuhtiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], liuhtidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], liuhtisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], liuhtidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], liuhtidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], liuhtiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], liuhtidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], liuhtidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], liuhtijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], liuhtidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], liuhtiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], liuhtidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], liuhtijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], liuhtidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], liuhtijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], liuhtidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], liuhtijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], liuhtidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], liuhtijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], liuhtidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], liuhtijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], liuhtidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], liuhtijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], liuhtidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], liuhtijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], liuhtidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], liuhti [class-1, present, singular, weak], liuhtiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], liuhtijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], liuhtid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to shine, illuminate Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: galiuhtijan Related terms: leuhtōn
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "light"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "licht"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lihten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "light"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "licht"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lighten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "līehtan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds-de",
              "word": "lüchten"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Polabian",
              "lang_code": "pox",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "sense": "lantern",
              "word": "löxtår"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "luchten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "liuhtian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "luchten"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "luchten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "liuhten"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "leuchten"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "laykhtn",
              "word": "לײַכטן"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "loykhtn",
              "word": "לויכטן"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "laichdn"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "liuhten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "liuhten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*liuhtijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*leuht",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "light, bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną. Equivalent to *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*liuhtijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/liuhtijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "galiuhtijan"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shine, illuminate"
      ],
      "id": "en-liuhtijan-gmw-pro-verb-2vaLQ~kk",
      "links": [
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ],
        [
          "illuminate",
          "illuminate"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "leuhtōn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "liuhtijan"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "galiuhtijan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "light"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "licht"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lihten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "light"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "licht"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lighten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "līehtan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds-de",
              "word": "lüchten"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Polabian",
              "lang_code": "pox",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "sense": "lantern",
              "word": "löxtår"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "luchten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "liuhtian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "luchten"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "luchten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "liuhten"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "leuchten"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "laykhtn",
              "word": "לײַכטן"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "loykhtn",
              "word": "לויכטן"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "laichdn"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "liuhten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "liuhten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*liuhtijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*leuht",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "light, bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną. Equivalent to *leuht (“light, bright”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liuhtid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*liuhtijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/liuhtijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "leuhtōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Light"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shine, illuminate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ],
        [
          "illuminate",
          "illuminate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "liuhtijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for liuhtijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.