See laugnijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līeġnan",
"3": "lȳġnian",
"4": "līġnan",
"5": "lēġnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leynen",
"3": "leinen",
"4": "laynen",
"5": "lainen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lain"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lain"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lain"
},
"expansion": "English: lain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lēina",
"3": "laina"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lēina, laina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lēina, laina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōgnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lōgnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lōgnian; lāgnian, lagnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lôchenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lôchenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lôchenen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "löägenje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: löägenje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: löägenje (< lāgnian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "leagenje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: leagenje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: leagenje (< lāgnian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lōganen",
"3": "*lōgnen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "logenen",
"3": "loochenen",
"4": "loochnen",
"5": "loggenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "loochenen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: loochenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: loochenen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "louganen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: louganen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: louganen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "löugenen",
"3": "lougen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: löugenen, lougen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: löugenen, lougen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leugnen"
},
"expansion": "German: leugnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: leugnen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laugnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laugnijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *laugnijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*laugnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laugnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to conceal; gainsay; deny"
],
"id": "en-laugnijan-gmw-pro-verb-hs7P4d46",
"links": [
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"gainsay",
"gainsay"
],
[
"deny",
"deny"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laugnijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līeġnan",
"3": "lȳġnian",
"4": "līġnan",
"5": "lēġnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leynen",
"3": "leinen",
"4": "laynen",
"5": "lainen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lain"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lain"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lain"
},
"expansion": "English: lain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lēina",
"3": "laina"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lēina, laina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lēina, laina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōgnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lōgnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lōgnian; lāgnian, lagnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lôchenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lôchenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lôchenen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "löägenje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saterland Frisian: löägenje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saterland Frisian: löägenje (< lāgnian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "leagenje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: leagenje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: leagenje (< lāgnian)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lōganen",
"3": "*lōgnen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "logenen",
"3": "loochenen",
"4": "loochnen",
"5": "loggenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "loochenen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: loochenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: loochenen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "louganen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: louganen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: louganen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "löugenen",
"3": "lougen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: löugenen, lougen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: löugenen, lougen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leugnen"
},
"expansion": "German: leugnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: leugnen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laugnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laugnijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *laugnijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "laugnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*laugnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laugnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to conceal; gainsay; deny"
],
"links": [
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"gainsay",
"gainsay"
],
[
"deny",
"deny"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laugnijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laugnijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (9f93753 and c1a3a36). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.