See kurnil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kurnil meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyrnel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel\nMiddle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel\nEnglish: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)\nScots: kirnel; churnel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel\nMiddle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel\nEnglish: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)\nScots: kirnel; churnel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kernel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kernel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Koarel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Koarel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Koarel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kurnil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kurnil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kornelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kornelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kornelle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Körrel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Körrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Körrel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kurnil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kurnil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carnel",
"3": "kernel",
"4": "carneel",
"5": "kerneel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kernel",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kernel (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carnelekijn",
"3": "carnellekijn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*korn",
"3": "*-il",
"id2": "diminutive",
"t1": "grain"
},
"expansion": "*korn (“grain”) + *-il",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *korn (“grain”) + *-il.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kurnil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kurnil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kernel of a nut"
],
"id": "en-kurnil-gmw-pro-noun-vp3fBo5-",
"links": [
[
"kernel",
"kernel"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) kernel of a nut"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"id": "en-kurnil-gmw-pro-noun-LCJAIXtk",
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) grain"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kurnil"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (diminutive)"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyrnel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel\nMiddle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel\nEnglish: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)\nScots: kirnel; churnel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cyrnel, cyrnl, cirnel\nMiddle English: kernel, cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel\nEnglish: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)\nScots: kirnel; churnel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kernel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kernel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Koarel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Koarel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Koarel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kurnil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kurnil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kornelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kornelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kornelle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Körrel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Körrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Körrel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kurnil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kurnil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carnel",
"3": "kernel",
"4": "carneel",
"5": "kerneel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: carnel, kernel, carneel, kerneel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kernel",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kernel (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carnelekijn",
"3": "carnellekijn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carnelekijn, carnellekijn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*korn",
"3": "*-il",
"id2": "diminutive",
"t1": "grain"
},
"expansion": "*korn (“grain”) + *-il",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *korn (“grain”) + *-il.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kurnil m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kurnil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Nuts"
],
"glosses": [
"kernel of a nut"
],
"links": [
[
"kernel",
"kernel"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) kernel of a nut"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Grains"
],
"glosses": [
"grain"
],
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) grain"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kurnil"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.