See kuning in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kening"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kuning"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "cuninc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kuning"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kuning m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuning",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kuningadōm"
},
{
"word": "kuningarīkī"
}
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"id": "en-kuning-gmw-pro-noun-6B3-aYQa",
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuning"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kuningadōm"
},
{
"word": "kuningarīkī"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kening"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kuning"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "cuninc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kuning"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kuning m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuning",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Heads of state",
"gmw-pro:Monarchy"
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuning"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kuning meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.