See kreupan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kreupan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crēopan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crēopan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crēopan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crepen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crepen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crepen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crepe",
"3": "creip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crepe, creip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crepe, creip"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "creep"
},
"expansion": "English: creep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: creep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "krūpa",
"3": "kriāpa",
"4": "kriēpa",
"5": "krēpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old East Frisian: crjippa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kjoope"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kjoope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kjoope"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krippe",
"3": "krûpe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: krippe, krûpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: krippe, krûpe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kriopan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kriopan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kriopan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krēpen",
"3": "krūpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "krepen",
"3": "krupen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: krepen, krupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: krepen, krupen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nLimburgish: kroepe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nLimburgish: kroepe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kriofan",
"3": "*krūfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kriefen",
"3": "krūfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraufen",
"3": "krüpfen"
},
"expansion": "German: kraufen, krüpfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kraufen, krüpfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "chrüpfen"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: chrüpfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: chrüpfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "kruffe"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: kruffe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: kruffe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gem-pro>*kreupaną>creep",
"id": "creep"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kreupaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kreupaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kriup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kropan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kreupan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kreupan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to creep, to crawl"
],
"id": "en-kreupan-gmw-pro-verb-DAV4IRy4",
"links": [
[
"creep",
"creep"
],
[
"crawl",
"crawl"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kreupan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crēopan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crēopan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crēopan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crepen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crepen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crepen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crepe",
"3": "creip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crepe, creip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crepe, creip"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "creep"
},
"expansion": "English: creep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: creep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "krūpa",
"3": "kriāpa",
"4": "kriēpa",
"5": "krēpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old East Frisian: crjippa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kjoope"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kjoope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kjoope"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krippe",
"3": "krûpe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: krippe, krûpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: krippe, krûpe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kriopan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kriopan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kriopan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krēpen",
"3": "krūpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: krēpen, krūpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "krepen",
"3": "krupen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: krepen, krupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: krepen, krupen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nLimburgish: kroepe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crūpan\nMiddle Dutch: crupen\nDutch: kruipen\nLimburgish: kroepe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kriofan",
"3": "*krūfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kriofan, *krūfan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kriefen",
"3": "krūfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kriefen, krūfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kraufen",
"3": "krüpfen"
},
"expansion": "German: kraufen, krüpfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kraufen, krüpfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "chrüpfen"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: chrüpfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: chrüpfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "kruffe"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: kruffe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: kruffe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gem-pro>*kreupaną>creep",
"id": "creep"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kreupaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kreupaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kriup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kriupid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kreupandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kropan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kreupan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kreupan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Gaits"
],
"glosses": [
"to creep, to crawl"
],
"links": [
[
"creep",
"creep"
],
[
"crawl",
"crawl"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kreupan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.