See krūdan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for krūdan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crūdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crūdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cruden",
"3": "crouden",
"4": "croden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cruden, crouden, croden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cruden, crouden, croden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crood"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crood"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "English: crowd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crowd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krūde",
"3": "*krūe",
"4": "*krūie"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krūde, *krūe, *krūie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krūde, *krūe, *krūie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kröie"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kröie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kröie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kruie"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kruie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kruie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krūdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krūdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krǖden",
"3": "krōden",
"4": "kruden",
"5": "kroden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: krǖden, krōden, kruden, kroden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: krǖden, krōden, kruden, kroden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "kroden"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: kroden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: kroden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crūdan\nMiddle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crūdan\nMiddle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*krūtan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *krūtan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *krūtan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kruden",
"3": "kroten",
"4": "kröten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kruden, kroten, kröten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kruden, kroten, kröten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *krūdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*krūdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to press, push"
],
"id": "en-krūdan-gmw-pro-verb-WzQU9Eon",
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krūdan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crūdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crūdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cruden",
"3": "crouden",
"4": "croden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cruden, crouden, croden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cruden, crouden, croden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crood"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crood"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "English: crowd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crowd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krūde",
"3": "*krūe",
"4": "*krūie"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krūde, *krūe, *krūie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krūde, *krūe, *krūie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kröie"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kröie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kröie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kruie"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kruie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kruie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krūdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krūdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krǖden",
"3": "krōden",
"4": "kruden",
"5": "kroden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: krǖden, krōden, kruden, kroden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: krǖden, krōden, kruden, kroden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "kroden"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: kroden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: kroden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crūdan\nMiddle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crūdan\nMiddle Dutch: cruden\nDutch: kruien\nAfrikaans: kruie, krui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*krūtan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *krūtan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *krūtan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kruden",
"3": "kroten",
"4": "kröten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kruden, kroten, kröten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kruden, kroten, kröten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *krūdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*krūdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Touch"
],
"glosses": [
"to press, push"
],
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krūdan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.