"knuppijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See knuppijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gmw-pro|*knoppô|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=knot, button}} *knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *knuppijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], knuppijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], knuppijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], knuppijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], knuppijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], knuppiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], knuppidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], knuppisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], knuppidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], knuppidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], knuppiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], knuppidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], knuppidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], knuppijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], knuppidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], knuppiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], knuppidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], knuppijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], knuppidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], knuppijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], knuppidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], knuppijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], knuppidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], knuppijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], knuppidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], knuppijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], knuppidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], knuppijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], knuppidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], knuppijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], knuppidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], knuppi [class-1, present, singular, weak], knuppiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], knuppijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], knuppid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to tie Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-knuppijan-gmw-pro-verb-0Yk88ruS Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 50 50
  2. to knot Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-knuppijan-gmw-pro-verb-aaWss-Ij Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 50 50
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*knuppian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *knuppian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *knuppian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "knüppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: knüppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: knüppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*knuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *knuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *knuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cnoppen",
            "3": "cnuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnoppen, cnuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cnoppen, cnuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "knoppen",
            "3": "knuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: knoppen, knuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: knoppen, knuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "knupfen",
            "3": "knuphen",
            "4": "knuffen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: knupfen, knuphen, knuffen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: knupfen, knuphen, knuffen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "knüpfen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: knüpfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: knüpfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "knüpfen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: knüpfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: knüpfen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*knoppô",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "knot, button"
      },
      "expansion": "*knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*knuppijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knuppijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to tie"
      ],
      "id": "en-knuppijan-gmw-pro-verb-0Yk88ruS",
      "links": [
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to knot"
      ],
      "id": "en-knuppijan-gmw-pro-verb-aaWss-Ij",
      "links": [
        [
          "knot",
          "knot"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "knuppijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*knuppian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *knuppian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *knuppian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "knüppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: knüppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: knüppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*knuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *knuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *knuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cnoppen",
            "3": "cnuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cnoppen, cnuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cnoppen, cnuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "knoppen",
            "3": "knuppen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: knoppen, knuppen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: knoppen, knuppen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "knupfen",
            "3": "knuphen",
            "4": "knuffen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: knupfen, knuphen, knuffen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: knupfen, knuphen, knuffen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "knüpfen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: knüpfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: knüpfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "knüpfen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: knüpfen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: knüpfen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*knoppô",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "knot, button"
      },
      "expansion": "*knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *knoppô (“knot, button”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knuppid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*knuppijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knuppijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to tie"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to knot"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knot",
          "knot"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "knuppijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for knuppijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.