"kūmijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See kūmijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gmw-pro|*kūmu|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=lamentation, complaint}} *kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *kūmijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kūmijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], kūmijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], kūmijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], kūmijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], kūmiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], kūmidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], kūmisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], kūmidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], kūmidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], kūmiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], kūmidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], kūmidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], kūmijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], kūmidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], kūmiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], kūmidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], kūmijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], kūmidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], kūmijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], kūmidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], kūmijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], kūmidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], kūmijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], kūmidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], kūmijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], kūmidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], kūmijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], kūmidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], kūmijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], kūmidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], kūmi [class-1, present, singular, weak], kūmiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], kūmijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], kūmid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to lament, mourn Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kūmijan-gmw-pro-verb-K7XNgmTv Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 57 43 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 80 20
  2. to complain, bemoan Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kūmijan-gmw-pro-verb-PfXP9QG3

Download JSON data for kūmijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kūmian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kūmian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kūmian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cumen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cumen\nDutch: kuimen\nLimburgish: kume",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cumen\nDutch: kuimen\nLimburgish: kume"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "käumen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: käumen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: käumen (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kūmu",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "lamentation, complaint"
      },
      "expansion": "*kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*kūmijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kūmijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lament, mourn"
      ],
      "id": "en-kūmijan-gmw-pro-verb-K7XNgmTv",
      "links": [
        [
          "lament",
          "lament"
        ],
        [
          "mourn",
          "mourn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to complain, bemoan"
      ],
      "id": "en-kūmijan-gmw-pro-verb-PfXP9QG3",
      "links": [
        [
          "complain",
          "complain"
        ],
        [
          "bemoan",
          "bemoan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kūmijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kūmian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kūmian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kūmian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "cumen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: cumen\nDutch: kuimen\nLimburgish: kume",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: cumen\nDutch: kuimen\nLimburgish: kume"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kūmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kūmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kūmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "käumen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: käumen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: käumen (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kūmu",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "lamentation, complaint"
      },
      "expansion": "*kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kūmu (“lamentation, complaint”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kūmid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*kūmijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kūmijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Sadness"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lament, mourn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lament",
          "lament"
        ],
        [
          "mourn",
          "mourn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to complain, bemoan"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "complain",
          "complain"
        ],
        [
          "bemoan",
          "bemoan"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kūmijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.