See hreuwan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrēowan\nMiddle English: rewen, reowen, ruwen, ruen, reouwen, rowen, reowe, riewe, rewe\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrēowan\nMiddle English: rewen, reowen, ruwen, ruen, reouwen, rowen, reowe, riewe, rewe\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hriōwa",
"3": "*hriuwa",
"4": "*riouwa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hriōwa, *hriuwa, *riouwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hriōwa, *hriuwa, *riouwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rouwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rouwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rouwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hriuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hriuwan, hreuwan\nMiddle Low German: ruwen, rouwen\nLow German: ruwen, rouwen, ruen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hriuwan, hreuwan\nMiddle Low German: ruwen, rouwen\nLow German: ruwen, rouwen, ruen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*riuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *riuwan\nMiddle Dutch: rouwen\nDutch: rouwen\nAfrikaans: rou\nLimburgish: roewe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *riuwan\nMiddle Dutch: rouwen\nDutch: rouwen\nAfrikaans: rou\nLimburgish: roewe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hriuwan",
"3": "riuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hriuwan, riuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hriuwan, riuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "riuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: riuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: riuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "rüüwe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: rüüwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: rüüwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen"
},
"expansion": "German: reuen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: reuen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrowan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hreuwan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hreuwan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hriuwisōn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cause pain, regret"
],
"id": "en-hreuwan-gmw-pro-verb-~5dxtoPB",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hreuwan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hriuwisōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hrēowan\nMiddle English: rewen, reowen, ruwen, ruen, reouwen, rowen, reowe, riewe, rewe\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hrēowan\nMiddle English: rewen, reowen, ruwen, ruen, reouwen, rowen, reowe, riewe, rewe\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hriōwa",
"3": "*hriuwa",
"4": "*riouwa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hriōwa, *hriuwa, *riouwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hriōwa, *hriuwa, *riouwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rouwe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rouwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rouwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hriuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hriuwan, hreuwan\nMiddle Low German: ruwen, rouwen\nLow German: ruwen, rouwen, ruen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hriuwan, hreuwan\nMiddle Low German: ruwen, rouwen\nLow German: ruwen, rouwen, ruen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*riuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *riuwan\nMiddle Dutch: rouwen\nDutch: rouwen\nAfrikaans: rou\nLimburgish: roewe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *riuwan\nMiddle Dutch: rouwen\nDutch: rouwen\nAfrikaans: rou\nLimburgish: roewe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hriuwan",
"3": "riuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hriuwan, riuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hriuwan, riuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "riuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: riuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: riuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "rüüwe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: rüüwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: rüüwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen"
},
"expansion": "German: reuen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: reuen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hrauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hruwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hriuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hreuwandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hrowan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hreuwan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hreuwan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Emotions",
"gmw-pro:Pain"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause pain, regret"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hreuwan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hreuwan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.