See hopōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hopian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hopian\nMiddle English: hopen\nEnglish: hope\nScots: hope, hoip, houp",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hopian\nMiddle English: hopen\nEnglish: hope\nScots: hope, hoip, houp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hopia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hopia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hopia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hoopje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: hoopje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: hoopje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoopje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoopje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoopje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hopōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hopōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hopōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hōpen",
"3": "höpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hōpen, höpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hōpen, höpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ostfriesisch (East Frisian): hopen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Paderbornisch: hoäpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: huapen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: hoapen (Niedersfeld)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Wenden)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: hōepen (Wenden)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: hoppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hopa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: hopa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: hopa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "håpe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: håpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: håpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "håpa",
"3": "håpe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: håpa, håpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: håpa, håpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "oppas",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Elfdalian: oppas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Elfdalian: oppas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hoppas",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Swedish: hoppas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Swedish: hoppas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "håbe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: håbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: håbe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hopon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hopon\nMiddle Dutch: hōpen\nDutch: hopen\nLimburgish: haope",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hopon\nMiddle Dutch: hōpen\nDutch: hopen\nLimburgish: haope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*hoffōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *hoffōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries"
},
"expansion": "(uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *hoffōn (uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chiefly northern"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hoffen (chiefly northern)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hòffan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: hòffan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: hòffan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "German: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: hoffen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: hoffen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "höffa"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: höffa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: höffa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "האָפֿן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: האָפֿן (hofn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: האָפֿן (hofn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύπτω",
"t": "to bend forward, stoop"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; sometimes compared to Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hopōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hopōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hope, expect"
],
"id": "en-hopōn-gmw-pro-verb--d7xd1of",
"links": [
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"expect",
"expect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wānijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "hopōn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hopian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hopian\nMiddle English: hopen\nEnglish: hope\nScots: hope, hoip, houp",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hopian\nMiddle English: hopen\nEnglish: hope\nScots: hope, hoip, houp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hopia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hopia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hopia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hoopje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: hoopje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: hoopje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoopje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoopje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoopje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hopōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hopōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hopōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hōpen",
"3": "höpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: hōpen, höpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: hōpen, höpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ostfriesisch (East Frisian): hopen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Paderbornisch: hoäpen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: huapen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Niedersfeld"
},
"expansion": "(Niedersfeld)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: hoapen (Niedersfeld)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Wenden"
},
"expansion": "(Wenden)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sauerländisch: hōepen (Wenden)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: hoppen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hopa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: hopa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: hopa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "håpe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: håpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: håpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "håpa",
"3": "håpe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: håpa, håpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: håpa, håpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "oppas",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Elfdalian: oppas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Elfdalian: oppas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hoppas",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Swedish: hoppas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Swedish: hoppas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "håbe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: håbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: håbe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "hopon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: hopon\nMiddle Dutch: hōpen\nDutch: hopen\nLimburgish: haope",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: hopon\nMiddle Dutch: hōpen\nDutch: hopen\nLimburgish: haope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*hoffōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *hoffōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries"
},
"expansion": "(uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *hoffōn (uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chiefly northern"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hoffen (chiefly northern)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hòffan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: hòffan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: hòffan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "German: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: hoffen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "hoffen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: hoffen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: hoffen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "höffa"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: höffa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: höffa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "האָפֿן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: האָפֿן (hofn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: האָפֿן (hofn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύπτω",
"t": "to bend forward, stoop"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; sometimes compared to Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hopō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hopōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hopōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hopōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hope, expect"
],
"links": [
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"expect",
"expect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wānijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "hopōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hopōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.