"hnikkjan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See hnikkjan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan. Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *hnikkjan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hnikkjan [class-1, infinitive, weak], hnikkjannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], hnikkjannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], hnikkjannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], hnikkju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hnikidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hnikisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hnikidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hnikidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hnikiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hnikidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hnikidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hnikkjum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hnikidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hnikiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hnikidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hnikkjanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hnikidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hnikkjē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hnikidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hnikkjēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hnikidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hnikkjē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hnikidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hnikkjēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hnikidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hnikkjēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hnikidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hnikkjēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hnikidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hniki [class-1, present, singular, weak], hnikiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], hnikkjandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], hnikid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to bow down, duck Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hnikkjan-gmw-pro-verb-UwoahNEi Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 74 26
  2. to bow one's head, nod Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hnikkjan-gmw-pro-verb-ibhHupgQ

Download JSON data for hnikkjan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*hnikka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *hnikka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *hnikka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "nikke"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: nikke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: nikke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hnikkian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hnikkian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hnikkian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*nikken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *nikken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *nikken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "nikken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: nikken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: nikken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "nikken",
            "3": "nicken",
            "4": "hnikken",
            "5": "hnicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: nikken, nicken, hnikken, hnicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: nikken, nicken, hnikken, hnicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: nicken"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hniki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hnikkjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hnikkjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bow down, duck"
      ],
      "id": "en-hnikkjan-gmw-pro-verb-UwoahNEi",
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "duck",
          "duck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to bow one's head, nod"
      ],
      "id": "en-hnikkjan-gmw-pro-verb-ibhHupgQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "nod",
          "nod"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hnikkjan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*hnikka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *hnikka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *hnikka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "nikke"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: nikke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: nikke"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*hnikkian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *hnikkian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *hnikkian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*nikken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *nikken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *nikken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "nikken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: nikken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: nikken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "nikken",
            "3": "nicken",
            "4": "hnikken",
            "5": "hnicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: nikken, nicken, hnikken, hnicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: nikken, nicken, hnikken, hnicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: nicken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "nicken"
          },
          "expansion": "German: nicken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: nicken"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Closely related to the strong verb *hnīgan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hniki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikkjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hnikid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hnikkjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hnikkjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bow down, duck"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "duck",
          "duck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Body language",
        "gmw-pro:Head and neck"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bow one's head, nod"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "nod",
          "nod"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hnikkjan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.