"hlaib" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See hlaib in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. May cognate with Polish chleb, Czech chléb, Serbo-Croatian hlȅb, Slovene hlẹ̑b. Etymology templates: {{etymon|gmw-pro|inh|gem-pro>*hlaibaz>bread|id=bread}}, {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*hlaibaz}} Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, {{cog|pl|chleb}} Polish chleb, {{cog|cs|chléb}} Czech chléb, {{cog|sh|hlȅb}} Serbo-Croatian hlȅb, {{cog|sl|hlẹ̑b}} Slovene hlẹ̑b Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|noun|g=m}} *hlaib m Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-noun-a|g=m}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hlaib [nominative, singular], hlaibōs [nominative, plural], hlaib [accusative, singular], hlaibā [accusative, plural], hlaibas [genitive, singular], hlaibō [genitive, plural], hlaibē [dative, singular], hlaibum [dative, plural], hlaibu [instrumental, singular], hlaibum [instrumental, plural]
  1. bread, loaf Tags: masculine, reconstruction Synonyms: *braud
    Sense id: en-hlaib-gmw-pro-noun-lCPIGGKp Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lof"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lofe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "loff"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "loof"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "looffe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "love"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "hlaf"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Early Middle English"
          ],
          "word": "laf"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "hlāf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "luffe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "North Frisian",
          "lang_code": "frr",
          "word": "liaf"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "hlēf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "klepe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlēf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "klepe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlēfa"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "hleib"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "leib"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "leip"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "hlaiba"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "laiba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "gem-pro>*hlaibaz>bread",
        "id": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlaibaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chleb"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish chleb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "chléb"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech chléb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "hlȅb"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian hlȅb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "hlẹ̑b"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene hlẹ̑b",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. May cognate with Polish chleb, Czech chléb, Serbo-Croatian hlȅb, Slovene hlẹ̑b.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlaib m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread, loaf"
      ],
      "id": "en-hlaib-gmw-pro-noun-lCPIGGKp",
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*braud"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlaib"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lof"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "lofe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "loff"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "loof"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "looffe"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "love"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "word": "hlaf"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bengali",
                  "lang_code": "bn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "roman": "lōph",
                  "word": "লোফ"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Marshallese",
                  "lang_code": "mh",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "ļoob"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "loff"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "lofa"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "English",
              "lang_code": "en",
              "word": "loaf"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Scots",
              "lang_code": "sco",
              "word": "laif"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "lang_code": "enm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Early Middle English"
          ],
          "word": "laf"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "hlāf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "luffe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "North Frisian",
          "lang_code": "frr",
          "word": "liaf"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "hlēf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "klepe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlēf"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "klepe"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "*hlēfa"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "hleib"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "leib"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "leip"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "hlaiba"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bavarian",
              "lang_code": "bar",
              "word": "Loab"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Central Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
              "word": "Laif"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "Laib"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Lääb"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Rhine Franconian",
              "lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
              "word": "Laab"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "leip"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "laiba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "gem-pro>*hlaibaz>bread",
        "id": "bread"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlaibaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "chleb"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish chleb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "chléb"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech chléb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "hlȅb"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian hlȅb",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "hlẹ̑b"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene hlẹ̑b",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. May cognate with Polish chleb, Czech chléb, Serbo-Croatian hlȅb, Slovene hlẹ̑b.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlaibum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*hlaib m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "gmw-pro:Breads"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread, loaf"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ],
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*braud"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlaib"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hlaib meaning in Proto-West Germanic (11.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.