"hardijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See hardijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*hardijaną}} Proto-Germanic *hardijaną, {{affix|gmw-pro|*hard(ī)|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=hard}} *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *hardijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hardijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], hardijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], hardijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], hardijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], hardiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hardidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hardisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hardidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hardidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hardiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hardidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hardidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hardijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hardidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hardiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hardidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hardijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hardidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hardijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], hardidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], hardijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], hardidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], hardijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], hardidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], hardijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], hardidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], hardijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], hardidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], hardijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], hardidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], hardi [class-1, present, singular, weak], hardiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], hardijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], hardid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to harden, make hard Tags: reconstruction Related terms: hardēn
    Sense id: en-hardijan-gmw-pro-verb-mYBLxdmL Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)

Download JSON data for hardijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hierdan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan\nMiddle English: herden, harden (merged with descendant of Old English heardian)\nEnglish: hard (obsolete)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan\nMiddle English: herden, harden (merged with descendant of Old English heardian)\nEnglish: hard (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "herda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: herda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: herda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*herden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *herden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *herden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "herden",
            "3": "harden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: herden, harden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: herden, harden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "harden"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: harden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: harden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "herten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: herten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: herten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "herten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: herten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: herten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "härten"
          },
          "expansion": "German: härten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: härten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "hardir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: hardir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: hardir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "hardi"
          },
          "expansion": "French: hardi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: hardi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "hardy",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: hardy",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: hardy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hardijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hard(ī)",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "*hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hardijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden, make hard"
      ],
      "id": "en-hardijan-gmw-pro-verb-mYBLxdmL",
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "hardēn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hardijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hierdan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan\nMiddle English: herden, harden (merged with descendant of Old English heardian)\nEnglish: hard (obsolete)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan\nMiddle English: herden, harden (merged with descendant of Old English heardian)\nEnglish: hard (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "herda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: herda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: herda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*herden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *herden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *herden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "herden",
            "3": "harden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: herden, harden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: herden, harden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "harden"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: harden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: harden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "herten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: herten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: herten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "herten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: herten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: herten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "härten"
          },
          "expansion": "German: härten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: härten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "hardir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: hardir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: hardir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "hardi"
          },
          "expansion": "French: hardi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: hardi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "hardy",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: hardy",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: hardy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hardijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hardijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hard(ī)",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "*hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Equivalent to *hard(ī) (“hard”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*hardijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hardēn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden, make hard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hardijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.