See happjā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*heppia",
"3": "*hepa"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "heppe",
"3": "hēpe",
"4": "heipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hepa"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hepa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hepa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hēpe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hēpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hēpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heep",
"3": "hiep",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba",
"3": "hābba",
"4": "happa",
"5": "hebba",
"6": "heppa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hepe",
"4": "heppe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"3": "Heppe",
"q2": "dialectal",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hape",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: happe, hape",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: happe, hape"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hape",
"t2": "axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: happe, hape (“axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: happe, hape (“axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "happe"
},
"expansion": "French: happe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extant senses mostly derived from the related verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">happer</i>"
},
"expansion": "(extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*happia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *happia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hap-",
"t": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kemb-",
"t": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κοπίς",
"t": "cleaver"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kàpti",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopati",
"t": "dig, till"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-",
"t": "to cut, cleave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”); or related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”); possibly a merger of both.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "happjā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*happjā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/happjā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tool used for cutting or pruning (e.g. knife, billhook, sickle, axe, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-happjā-gmw-pro-noun-czF2dxno",
"links": [
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"pruning",
"pruning"
],
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"billhook",
"billhook"
],
[
"sickle",
"sickle"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hapsijā"
},
{
"word": "haspijā"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "happjā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*heppia",
"3": "*hepa"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "heppe",
"3": "hēpe",
"4": "heipe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hepa"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hepa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hepa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hēpe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hēpe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hēpe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heep",
"3": "hiep",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba",
"3": "hābba",
"4": "happa",
"5": "hebba",
"6": "heppa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hepe",
"4": "heppe"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"3": "Heppe",
"q2": "dialectal",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hape",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: happe, hape",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: happe, hape"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "happe",
"3": "hape",
"t2": "axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: happe, hape (“axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: happe, hape (“axe\", also \"curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "happe"
},
"expansion": "French: happe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extant senses mostly derived from the related verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fr\">happer</i>"
},
"expansion": "(extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*happia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *happia",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hap-",
"t": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kemb-",
"t": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κοπίς",
"t": "cleaver"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kàpti",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kopati",
"t": "dig, till"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-",
"t": "to cut, cleave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”); or related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”); possibly a merger of both.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "happjā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "happjōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "happjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*happjā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/happjā",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hapsijā"
},
{
"word": "haspijā"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns",
"gmw-pro:Tools",
"gmw-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"a tool used for cutting or pruning (e.g. knife, billhook, sickle, axe, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"pruning",
"pruning"
],
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"billhook",
"billhook"
],
[
"sickle",
"sickle"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "happjā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for happjā meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.