See hōdijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hōdijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hēdan, hœ̄dan\nMiddle English: heden\nEnglish: heed\nScots: hede",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hēdan, hœ̄dan\nMiddle English: heden\nEnglish: heed\nScots: hede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hōda",
"3": "hūda",
"4": "*hēda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hōda, hūda, *hēda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hōda, hūda, *hēda; hōdia (wk2)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "häide",
"3": "houde",
"4": "houdje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: häide, houde, houdje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: häide, houde, houdje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoedje",
"3": "hoedzje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoedje, hoedzje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoedje, hoedzje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hōdian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hōdian, huodian\nMiddle Low German: hôden, hûden, hö̂den, hoeden, hoiden, hoyden, houden, heiden, höden\nGerman Low German: höden",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hōdian, huodian\nMiddle Low German: hôden, hûden, hö̂den, hoeden, hoiden, hoyden, houden, heiden, höden\nGerman Low German: höden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "huoden"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: huoden\nMiddle Dutch: hoeden\nDutch: hoeden\nAfrikaans: hoed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: huoden\nMiddle Dutch: hoeden\nDutch: hoeden\nAfrikaans: hoed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huoten"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: huoten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: huoten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hüeten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hüeten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hüeten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "hiatn"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: hiatn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: hiatn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hüutan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: hüutan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: hüutan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hüten"
},
"expansion": "German: hüten\n→ Danish: hytte",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: hüten\n→ Danish: hytte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: hidden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: hidden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōd",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "shelter, protection, defense"
},
"expansion": "*hōd (“shelter, protection, defense”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hattuz",
"t": "hat, hood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat, hood”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kadʰ-",
"t": "to cover, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover, protect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*koHtéyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *koHtéyeti",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hōd (“shelter, protection, defense”) + *-jan. Of uncertain ultimate origin regarding connections outside of West Germanic; often compared to Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat, hood”) or *hōdaz (“hood”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover, protect”), but the combination of voiceless and aspirated consonants is not common. Perhaps a substrate word, or developed from a causative Proto-Indo-European *koHtéyeti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hōdijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hōdijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shelter; defend; protect against; guard; heed"
],
"id": "en-hōdijan-gmw-pro-verb-pltiGIC8",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Friedrich Kluge",
"John Francis Davis",
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "hōdijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hēdan, hœ̄dan\nMiddle English: heden\nEnglish: heed\nScots: hede",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hēdan, hœ̄dan\nMiddle English: heden\nEnglish: heed\nScots: hede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hōda",
"3": "hūda",
"4": "*hēda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hōda, hūda, *hēda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hōda, hūda, *hēda; hōdia (wk2)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "häide",
"3": "houde",
"4": "houdje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: häide, houde, houdje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: häide, houde, houdje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoedje",
"3": "hoedzje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: hoedje, hoedzje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: hoedje, hoedzje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hōdian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hōdian, huodian\nMiddle Low German: hôden, hûden, hö̂den, hoeden, hoiden, hoyden, houden, heiden, höden\nGerman Low German: höden",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hōdian, huodian\nMiddle Low German: hôden, hûden, hö̂den, hoeden, hoiden, hoyden, houden, heiden, höden\nGerman Low German: höden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "huoden"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: huoden\nMiddle Dutch: hoeden\nDutch: hoeden\nAfrikaans: hoed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: huoden\nMiddle Dutch: hoeden\nDutch: hoeden\nAfrikaans: hoed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huoten"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: huoten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: huoten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hüeten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: hüeten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: hüeten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "hiatn"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: hiatn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: hiatn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hüutan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: hüutan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: hüutan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hüten"
},
"expansion": "German: hüten\n→ Danish: hytte",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: hüten\n→ Danish: hytte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: hidden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: hidden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōd",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "shelter, protection, defense"
},
"expansion": "*hōd (“shelter, protection, defense”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hattuz",
"t": "hat, hood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat, hood”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kadʰ-",
"t": "to cover, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover, protect”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*koHtéyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *koHtéyeti",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hōd (“shelter, protection, defense”) + *-jan. Of uncertain ultimate origin regarding connections outside of West Germanic; often compared to Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat, hood”) or *hōdaz (“hood”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover, protect”), but the combination of voiceless and aspirated consonants is not common. Perhaps a substrate word, or developed from a causative Proto-Indo-European *koHtéyeti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hōdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hōdijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hōdijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Security"
],
"glosses": [
"to shelter; defend; protect against; guard; heed"
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Friedrich Kluge",
"John Francis Davis",
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "hōdijan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.