"gulþijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See gulþijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną. Equivalent to *golþ (“gold”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*gulþijaną}} Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną, {{affix|gmw-pro|*golþ|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=gold}} *golþ (“gold”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *gulþijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gulþijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], gulþijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], gulþijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], gulþijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], gulþiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], gulþidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], gulþisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], gulþidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], gulþidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], gulþiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], gulþidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], gulþidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], gulþijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], gulþidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], gulþiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], gulþidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], gulþijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], gulþidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], gulþijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], gulþidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], gulþijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], gulþidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], gulþijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], gulþidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], gulþijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], gulþidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], gulþijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], gulþidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], gulþijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], gulþidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], gulþi [class-1, present, singular, weak], gulþiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], gulþijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], gulþid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to gild, cover with gold Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gulþijan-gmw-pro-verb-2GdqyIps Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)

Download JSON data for gulþijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*gyldan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *gyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *gyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gulden",
            "3": "gilden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gulden, gilden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gulden, gilden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gild"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gild",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gild"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "begyldan",
            "3": "ofergyldan",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old English: begyldan, ofergyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old English: begyldan, ofergyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "vergulden",
            "3": "vergolden",
            "4": "vergouden",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vergulden, vergolden, vergouden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vergulden, vergolden, vergouden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "vergulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: vergulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: vergulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*gulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *gulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *gulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "ubargulden",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ubargulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old High German: ubargulden"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gulþijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*golþ",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "gold"
      },
      "expansion": "*golþ (“gold”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną. Equivalent to *golþ (“gold”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*gulþijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gulþijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gild, cover with gold"
      ],
      "id": "en-gulþijan-gmw-pro-verb-2GdqyIps",
      "links": [
        [
          "gild",
          "gild"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gulþijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*gyldan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *gyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *gyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gulden",
            "3": "gilden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gulden, gilden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gulden, gilden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gild"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gild",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gild"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "begyldan",
            "3": "ofergyldan",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old English: begyldan, ofergyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old English: begyldan, ofergyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*gulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *gulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *gulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "vergulden",
            "3": "vergolden",
            "4": "vergouden",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vergulden, vergolden, vergouden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: vergulden, vergolden, vergouden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "vergulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: vergulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: vergulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*gulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *gulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *gulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "ubargulden",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ubargulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old High German: ubargulden"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gulþijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*golþ",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "gold"
      },
      "expansion": "*golþ (“gold”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną. Equivalent to *golþ (“gold”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gulþid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*gulþijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gulþijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Metals"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gild, cover with gold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gild",
          "gild"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gulþijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.