See glūpan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "glūpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: glūpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: glūpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "glupe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: glupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: glupe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*glūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *glūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *glūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "glūpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: glūpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: glūpen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*glūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *glūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *glūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "glupen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: glupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: glupen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gluipen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gluipen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gluipen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gleupaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gleupaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gleupaną - *glūpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glaup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glaup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glopan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*glūpan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/glūpan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gape"
],
"id": "en-glūpan-gmw-pro-verb-U7wZv~CI",
"links": [
[
"gape",
"gape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to look, stare, squint"
],
"id": "en-glūpan-gmw-pro-verb-Gub2Cg7i",
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"stare",
"stare"
],
[
"squint",
"squint"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sneak"
],
"id": "en-glūpan-gmw-pro-verb-0MrTOxoq",
"links": [
[
"sneak",
"sneak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "glūpan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "glūpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: glūpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: glūpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "glupe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: glupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: glupe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*glūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *glūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *glūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "glūpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: glūpen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: glūpen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*glūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *glūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *glūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "glupen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: glupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: glupen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gluipen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gluipen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gluipen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gleupaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gleupaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gleupaną - *glūpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glaup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glaup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "glūp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glūpandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "glopan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*glūpan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/glūpan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to gape"
],
"links": [
[
"gape",
"gape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to look, stare, squint"
],
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"stare",
"stare"
],
[
"squint",
"squint"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sneak"
],
"links": [
[
"sneak",
"sneak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "glūpan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for glūpan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.