See giwēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġiwian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġiwian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*giwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *giwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *giwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "giwen",
"3": "gēwen",
"4": "geuwen",
"5": "gaeuwen",
"t4": "to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*giwōn",
"t": "to yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*giwōn</i> (“to yawn”)"
},
"expansion": "(merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”))",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire”) (merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*giwēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *giwēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *giwēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "giwen",
"3": "gewen",
"t2": "to gape",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle High German: giwen, gewen (“to gape”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gewōn",
"t": "to yawn, open one's mouth widely"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merger with descendant of Old High German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"goh\">gewōn</i> (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”)"
},
"expansion": "(merger with descendant of Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”))",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle High German: giwen, gewen (“to gape”) (merger with descendant of Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "geuen",
"3": "gäuen",
"t2": "to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open"
},
"expansion": "German: geuen, gäuen (“to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: geuen, gäuen (“to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "anagiwēn",
"der": "1",
"t": "to desire eagerly, strive after greedily"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: anagiwēn (“to desire eagerly, strive after greedily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: anagiwēn (“to desire eagerly, strive after greedily”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gi-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰh₂ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gi-, *gī- (“to yawn, gape”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, from *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*giwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/giwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"sense": "Dutch: geeuwen, guwen",
"word": "→ West Frisian: geauwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 54",
"sense": "Dutch: geeuwen, guwen",
"word": "gouwe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gape desirously or eagerly"
],
"id": "en-giwēn-gmw-pro-verb-50zn42JJ",
"links": [
[
"gape",
"gape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to desire eagerly"
],
"id": "en-giwēn-gmw-pro-verb-cAJxtmn-",
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"eagerly",
"eagerly"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "giwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "gēwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "geuwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"alt": "merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwēn",
"english": "to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "gaeuwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 62",
"sense": "Middle High German: giwen, gëwen",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "geuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 62",
"sense": "Middle High German: giwen, gëwen",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "gäuen"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "giwēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġiwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġiwian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġiwian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*giwōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *giwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *giwōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "giwen",
"3": "gēwen",
"4": "geuwen",
"5": "gaeuwen",
"t4": "to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*giwōn",
"t": "to yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*giwōn</i> (“to yawn”)"
},
"expansion": "(merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”))",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire”) (merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*giwēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *giwēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *giwēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "giwen",
"3": "gewen",
"t2": "to gape",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle High German: giwen, gewen (“to gape”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gewōn",
"t": "to yawn, open one's mouth widely"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merger with descendant of Old High German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"goh\">gewōn</i> (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”)"
},
"expansion": "(merger with descendant of Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”))",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle High German: giwen, gewen (“to gape”) (merger with descendant of Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "geuen",
"3": "gäuen",
"t2": "to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open"
},
"expansion": "German: geuen, gäuen (“to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: geuen, gäuen (“to yawn\", also \"to gape, stand with mouth wide open”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "anagiwēn",
"der": "1",
"t": "to desire eagerly, strive after greedily"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: anagiwēn (“to desire eagerly, strive after greedily”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: anagiwēn (“to desire eagerly, strive after greedily”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gi-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰh₂ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gi-, *gī- (“to yawn, gape”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, from *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giwēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "giw?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*giwēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/giwēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "giwen"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "gēwen"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "geuwen"
},
{
"alt": "merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwēn",
"english": "to yawn, gape\" also \"to intensely desire",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *giwōn; Middle Low German",
"word": "gaeuwen"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: geeuwen, guwen",
"word": "→ West Frisian: geauwe"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: geeuwen, guwen",
"word": "gouwe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: giwen, gëwen",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "geuen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: giwen, gëwen",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "gäuen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to gape desirously or eagerly"
],
"links": [
[
"gape",
"gape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Emotions"
],
"glosses": [
"to desire eagerly"
],
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"eagerly",
"eagerly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "giwēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for giwēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.