See garāfijō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġerēfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġerēfa, groefa\nMiddle English: reve (via rēfa)\nEnglish: reeve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġerēfa, groefa\nMiddle English: reve (via rēfa)\nEnglish: reeve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "greva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: greva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: greva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "greve"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: greve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "greve"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: greve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "greafa"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: greafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: greafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "grāvio"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: grāvio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: grāvio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grēve",
"3": "grāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grēve, grāve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grēve, grāve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gräve"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gräve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gräve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "gråve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: gråve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: gråve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "greifi",
"3": "grefi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: greifi, grefi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: greifi, grefi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "greifi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: greifi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: greifi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "greivi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: greivi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: greivi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "greyve",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: greyve, grafe, grave, grayve, greȝȝfe (Ormulum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: greyve, grafe, grave, grayve, greȝȝfe (Ormulum)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: greve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "grāvo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: grāvo\nMiddle Dutch: grâve\nDutch: graaf\nAfrikaans: graaf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: grāvo\nMiddle Dutch: grâve\nDutch: graaf\nAfrikaans: graaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grāfio"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grāfio, grāfo, grāvo, grāvio, grāphio, krāvio\nMiddle High German: grâve\nGerman: Graf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grāfio, grāfo, grāvo, grāvio, grāphio, krāvio\nMiddle High German: grâve\nGerman: Graf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grāfiō",
"3": "garāfiō",
"4": "grāffiō",
"5": "grāviō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: grāfiō, garāfiō, grāffiō, grāviō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: grāfiō, garāfiō, grāffiō, grāviō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃",
"t": "decree, edict"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gagrēfts, “decree, edict”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grēfan",
"t": "to command, dictate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grēfan (“to command, dictate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ga-rēfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-rēfaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁p-",
"t": "to seize, pluck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to seize, pluck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-jō"
},
"expansion": "+ *-jō",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφεύς",
"t": "scribe"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφεύς (grapheús, “scribe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "graphio"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin graphio",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly related to Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gagrēfts, “decree, edict”), from unattested Proto-Germanic *grēfan (“to command, dictate”) of unknown origin, or perhaps from unattested *garāfan (“to seize”), from Proto-Germanic *ga-rēfaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to seize, pluck”) or *h₁rep- (“to rip, snatch, tear, pinch”) + *-jō, related to *rafjaną (“to seize, take”), *rafsijaną (“to reproach, blame”), *rōf (“famous”).\nAlternatively and most likely borrowed from Ancient Greek γραφεύς (grapheús, “scribe”) via Medieval Latin graphio, grafio, gravio, -gravius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*garāfijō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/garāfijō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"count (the male ruler of a county)"
],
"id": "en-garāfijō-gmw-pro-noun-HOGJlzgm",
"links": [
[
"count",
"count"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 67 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 77 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 82 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 84 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jō",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "32 48 20 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgrêve"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 48 20 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "marchgrêve"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 48 20 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "merkgrêve"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 48 20 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgrâve"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 48 20 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgraf"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "Old High German: marcgrāvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāfo"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāfio"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāvio"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāvioMiddle High German: marcgrāve"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "margrāve"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāf"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcrāve"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcrāf"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "margrāfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 71 11 0",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāfeGerman: Markgraf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earl"
],
"id": "en-garāfijō-gmw-pro-noun-rWVWNTxm",
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "17 20 64 0",
"sense": "Dutch: markgraaf",
"tags": [
"Afrikaans"
],
"word": "markgraaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reeve, bailiff"
],
"id": "en-garāfijō-gmw-pro-noun-hDxHYy-Y",
"links": [
[
"reeve",
"reeve"
],
[
"bailiff",
"bailiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"officer, official"
],
"id": "en-garāfijō-gmw-pro-noun-OuprkXbH",
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Boston",
"Brill",
"Brill Publishers",
"Leiden",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)"
],
"word": "garāfijō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine an-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jō",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgrêve"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "marchgrêve"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "merkgrêve"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgrâve"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *marcgrāvio; Middle Low German",
"word": "markgraf"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: markgraaf",
"tags": [
"Afrikaans"
],
"word": "markgraaf"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "Old High German: marcgrāvo"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāfo"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāfio"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāvio"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "markgrāvioMiddle High German: marcgrāve"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "margrāve"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāf"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcrāve"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcrāf"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "margrāfe"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *markagarāfijō",
"word": "marcgrāfeGerman: Markgraf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġerēfa"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġerēfa, groefa\nMiddle English: reve (via rēfa)\nEnglish: reeve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġerēfa, groefa\nMiddle English: reve (via rēfa)\nEnglish: reeve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "greva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: greva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: greva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "greve"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: greve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "greve"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: greve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "greafa"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: greafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: greafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "grāvio"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: grāvio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: grāvio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grēve",
"3": "grāve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grēve, grāve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grēve, grāve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gräve"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: gräve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: gräve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "gråve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon: gråve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch Low Saxon: gråve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "greifi",
"3": "grefi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: greifi, grefi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: greifi, grefi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "greifi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: greifi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: greifi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "greivi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: greivi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: greivi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "greyve",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: greyve, grafe, grave, grayve, greȝȝfe (Ormulum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: greyve, grafe, grave, grayve, greȝȝfe (Ormulum)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: greve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "greve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: greve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: greve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "grāvo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: grāvo\nMiddle Dutch: grâve\nDutch: graaf\nAfrikaans: graaf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: grāvo\nMiddle Dutch: grâve\nDutch: graaf\nAfrikaans: graaf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "grāfio"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: grāfio, grāfo, grāvo, grāvio, grāphio, krāvio\nMiddle High German: grâve\nGerman: Graf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: grāfio, grāfo, grāvo, grāvio, grāphio, krāvio\nMiddle High German: grâve\nGerman: Graf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grāfiō",
"3": "garāfiō",
"4": "grāffiō",
"5": "grāviō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: grāfiō, garāfiō, grāffiō, grāviō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: grāfiō, garāfiō, grāffiō, grāviō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃",
"t": "decree, edict"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gagrēfts, “decree, edict”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grēfan",
"t": "to command, dictate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grēfan (“to command, dictate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ga-rēfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-rēfaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁p-",
"t": "to seize, pluck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to seize, pluck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-jō"
},
"expansion": "+ *-jō",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφεύς",
"t": "scribe"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφεύς (grapheús, “scribe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "graphio"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin graphio",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly related to Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gagrēfts, “decree, edict”), from unattested Proto-Germanic *grēfan (“to command, dictate”) of unknown origin, or perhaps from unattested *garāfan (“to seize”), from Proto-Germanic *ga-rēfaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to seize, pluck”) or *h₁rep- (“to rip, snatch, tear, pinch”) + *-jō, related to *rafjaną (“to seize, take”), *rafsijaną (“to reproach, blame”), *rōf (“famous”).\nAlternatively and most likely borrowed from Ancient Greek γραφεύς (grapheús, “scribe”) via Medieval Latin graphio, grafio, gravio, -gravius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-an",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garāfijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*garāfijō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-an"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/garāfijō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Nobility"
],
"glosses": [
"count (the male ruler of a county)"
],
"links": [
[
"count",
"count"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Nobility"
],
"glosses": [
"earl"
],
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Law enforcement",
"gmw-pro:Positions of authority"
],
"glosses": [
"reeve, bailiff"
],
"links": [
[
"reeve",
"reeve"
],
[
"bailiff",
"bailiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"officer, official"
],
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Boston",
"Brill",
"Brill Publishers",
"Leiden",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)"
],
"word": "garāfijō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for garāfijō meaning in Proto-West Germanic (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.