"gant" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See gant in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”), and cognate with Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”). However, Kroonen appears to be implicitly skeptical, due to the word being originally attested only in High German (with other cognates being borrowings from High German), and prefers to relate the word to a Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”) (whose only descendant is dialectal Swiss German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”)), with semantic shift "to be startled" > "to shiver" > "terribly" > "very much" > "whole, complete". The latter root apparently stems from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”), whence Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”), Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”). Etymology templates: {{unknown|gmw-pro}} Unknown, {{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*gʷʰen-||to flourish, be full, swell, abound}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”), {{cog|lt|ganė́ti||to be enough, be sufficient, suffice}} Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), {{cog|sa|घन||compact, solid, dense|tr=ghaná}} Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”), {{cog|fa|آگنج||full, complete|tr=âganj}} Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), {{cog|fa|آکندن|t=to fill up|tr=âgandan}} Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”), {{cog|gem-pro|*gintaną|t=to be startled}} Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”), {{cog|de|erginzen|t=to cringe, shiver}} German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”), {{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*gʰend-|t=to startle}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”), {{cog|lt|gą̃stas|t=a scare}} Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”), {{cog|lv|gañdinât|t=to scare}} Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|adjective}} *gant Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-adj}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gant [masculine, nominative, singular], gantu [feminine, nominative, singular], gant [neuter, nominative, singular], gantanā [accusative, masculine, singular], gantā [accusative, feminine, singular], gant [accusative, neuter, singular], gantas [genitive, masculine, singular], ganteʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], gantas [genitive, neuter, singular], gantumē [dative, masculine, singular], ganteʀē [dative, feminine, singular], gantumē [dative, neuter, singular], gantu [instrumental, masculine, singular], ganteʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], gantu [instrumental, neuter, singular], gantē [masculine, nominative, plural], gantō [feminine, nominative, plural], gantu [neuter, nominative, plural], gantā [accusative, masculine, plural], gantā [accusative, feminine, plural], gantu [accusative, neuter, plural], ganteʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], ganteʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], ganteʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], gantēm [dative, masculine, plural], gantum [dative, masculine, plural], gantēm [dative, feminine, plural], gantum [dative, feminine, plural], gantēm [dative, neuter, plural], gantum [dative, neuter, plural], gantēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], gantum [instrumental, masculine, plural], gantēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], gantum [feminine, instrumental, plural], gantēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], gantum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. whole, healthy Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gant-gmw-pro-adj-zqx32vId Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 60 40 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 76 24
  2. all, complete Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gant-gmw-pro-adj-txrD4Ahq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: gantēn, gantī, gantijan Derived forms (*gantiþu; Old High German): ganzida
Disambiguation of '*gantiþu; Old High German': 49 51
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gantēn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gantī"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gantijan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "sense": "*gantiþu; Old High German",
      "word": "ganzida"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "ganza",
            "3": "ganz",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: ganza, geng, génh, ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: ganza, geng, génh, ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "gånz"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: gånz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: gånz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "gantz",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: gantz, gåntz (Luserna)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: gantz, gåntz (Luserna)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "gands",
            "3": "gants",
            "4": "gansch",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: gands, gants, gansch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Dutch: gands, gants, gansch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "ganz",
            "3": "gans",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Low German: ganz, gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Low German: ganz, gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "ganske"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ganska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Scots: ganska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Scots: ganska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ganska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: ganska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: ganska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "ganskje",
            "3": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: ganskje, ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: ganskje, ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ganskje"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ganskje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ganskje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "gans",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Frisian: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Frisian: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "gâns",
            "3": "gânsk"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: gâns, gânsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: gâns, gânsk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to flourish, be full, swell, abound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ganė́ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be enough, be sufficient, suffice"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घन",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compact, solid, dense",
        "tr": "ghaná"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آگنج",
        "3": "",
        "4": "full, complete",
        "tr": "âganj"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آکندن",
        "t": "to fill up",
        "tr": "âgandan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*gintaną",
        "t": "to be startled"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "erginzen",
        "t": "to cringe, shiver"
      },
      "expansion": "German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰend-",
        "t": "to startle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gą̃stas",
        "t": "a scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gañdinât",
        "t": "to scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”), and cognate with Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”). However, Kroonen appears to be implicitly skeptical, due to the word being originally attested only in High German (with other cognates being borrowings from High German), and prefers to relate the word to a Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”) (whose only descendant is dialectal Swiss German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”)), with semantic shift \"to be startled\" > \"to shiver\" > \"terribly\" > \"very much\" > \"whole, complete\". The latter root apparently stems from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”), whence Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”), Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*gant",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gant",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "whole, healthy"
      ],
      "id": "en-gant-gmw-pro-adj-zqx32vId",
      "links": [
        [
          "whole",
          "whole"
        ],
        [
          "healthy",
          "healthy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "all, complete"
      ],
      "id": "en-gant-gmw-pro-adj-txrD4Ahq",
      "links": [
        [
          "all",
          "all"
        ],
        [
          "complete",
          "complete"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "gant"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gantēn"
    },
    {
      "word": "gantī"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*gantiþu; Old High German",
      "word": "ganzida"
    },
    {
      "word": "gantijan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "ganza",
            "3": "ganz",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: ganza, geng, génh, ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: ganza, geng, génh, ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "gånz"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: gånz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: gånz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "gantz",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: gantz, gåntz (Luserna)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: gantz, gåntz (Luserna)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "gands",
            "3": "gants",
            "4": "gansch",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: gands, gants, gansch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Dutch: gands, gants, gansch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "ganz",
            "3": "gans",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Low German: ganz, gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Low German: ganz, gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "ganz"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: ganz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: ganz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "ganske"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "ganska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Scots: ganska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Scots: ganska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "ganska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: ganska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: ganska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "ganskje",
            "3": "ganske",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian: ganskje, ganske",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian: ganskje, ganske"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "ganskje"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ganskje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: ganskje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "gans",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Frisian: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Frisian: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "gans"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: gans",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: gans"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "gâns",
            "3": "gânsk"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: gâns, gânsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: gâns, gânsk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to flourish, be full, swell, abound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ganė́ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be enough, be sufficient, suffice"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घन",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compact, solid, dense",
        "tr": "ghaná"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آگنج",
        "3": "",
        "4": "full, complete",
        "tr": "âganj"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "آکندن",
        "t": "to fill up",
        "tr": "âgandan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*gintaną",
        "t": "to be startled"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "erginzen",
        "t": "to cringe, shiver"
      },
      "expansion": "German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰend-",
        "t": "to startle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gą̃stas",
        "t": "a scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gañdinât",
        "t": "to scare"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”), and cognate with Lithuanian ganė́ti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “compact, solid, dense”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”). However, Kroonen appears to be implicitly skeptical, due to the word being originally attested only in High German (with other cognates being borrowings from High German), and prefers to relate the word to a Proto-Germanic *gintaną (“to be startled”) (whose only descendant is dialectal Swiss German erginzen (“to cringe, shiver”)), with semantic shift \"to be startled\" > \"to shiver\" > \"terribly\" > \"very much\" > \"whole, complete\". The latter root apparently stems from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰend- (“to startle”), whence Lithuanian gą̃stas (“a scare”), Latvian gañdinât (“to scare”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gant",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ganteʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gantum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*gant",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gant",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Health"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "whole, healthy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whole",
          "whole"
        ],
        [
          "healthy",
          "healthy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "all, complete"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "all",
          "all"
        ],
        [
          "complete",
          "complete"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "gant"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gant meaning in Proto-West Germanic (10.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.