See funkōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fûnkje"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fonkje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*funkia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "funken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vunken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*funkōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "vonken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "vonken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*funcon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "funken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vunken"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*funkōn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*funkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *funkōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*péh₂wr̥",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*funkō",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "spark"
},
"expansion": "*funkō (“spark”) + *-ōn",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; presumably from Proto-Germanic *funkōną, from earlier paradigm *funkᵏōþi ~ *fungunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti, iterative to *finkan (“to sparkle, burn”). A connection to Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”) is considered unlikely.\nEquivalent to *funkō (“spark”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*funkōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/funkōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give off sparks"
],
"id": "en-funkōn-gmw-pro-verb-zzu4KkRV",
"links": [
[
"spark",
"spark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(iterative) to give off sparks"
],
"tags": [
"iterative",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sparkle"
],
"id": "en-funkōn-gmw-pro-verb-dOR31kN6",
"links": [
[
"sparkle",
"sparkle"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "funkōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fûnkje"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "fonkje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*funkia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "funken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vunken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*funkōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "vonken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "vonken"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*funcon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "funken"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vunken"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*funkōn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*funkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *funkōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*péh₂wr̥",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*funkō",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "spark"
},
"expansion": "*funkō (“spark”) + *-ōn",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; presumably from Proto-Germanic *funkōną, from earlier paradigm *funkᵏōþi ~ *fungunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *punk-nā́-ti ~ *punk-un-ánti, iterative to *finkan (“to sparkle, burn”). A connection to Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”) is considered unlikely.\nEquivalent to *funkō (“spark”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "funkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "funkōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*funkōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/funkōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic iterative verbs",
"gmw-pro:Fire",
"gmw-pro:Light"
],
"glosses": [
"to give off sparks"
],
"links": [
[
"spark",
"spark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(iterative) to give off sparks"
],
"tags": [
"iterative",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sparkle"
],
"links": [
[
"sparkle",
"sparkle"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "funkōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for funkōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.