"frafal(i)" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See frafal(i) in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī. Etymology templates: {{unc|gmw-pro}} Uncertain, {{af|gmw-pro|*fra-|*fali|t1=fully|t2=evil, cruel}} *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), {{af|gmw-pro|*fra-|*afl|*-ī|id3=adjective|t2=strength, power}} *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|adjective}} *frafal(i) Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-adj|frafal}}, {{gmw-infl-adj|frafali}} Forms: frafal [canonical], i [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], frafal [masculine, nominative, singular], frafalu [feminine, nominative, singular], frafal [neuter, nominative, singular], frafalanā [accusative, masculine, singular], frafalā [accusative, feminine, singular], frafal [accusative, neuter, singular], frafalas [genitive, masculine, singular], frafaleʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], frafalas [genitive, neuter, singular], frafalumē [dative, masculine, singular], frafaleʀē [dative, feminine, singular], frafalumē [dative, neuter, singular], frafalu [instrumental, masculine, singular], frafaleʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], frafalu [instrumental, neuter, singular], frafalē [masculine, nominative, plural], frafalō [feminine, nominative, plural], frafalu [neuter, nominative, plural], frafalā [accusative, masculine, plural], frafalā [accusative, feminine, plural], frafalu [accusative, neuter, plural], frafaleʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], frafaleʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], frafaleʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], frafalēm [dative, masculine, plural], frafalum [dative, masculine, plural], frafalēm [dative, feminine, plural], frafalum [dative, feminine, plural], frafalēm [dative, neuter, plural], frafalum [dative, neuter, plural], frafalēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], frafalum [instrumental, masculine, plural], frafalēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], frafalum [feminine, instrumental, plural], frafalēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], frafalum [instrumental, neuter, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], frafali [masculine, nominative, singular], frafallju [feminine, nominative, singular], frafali [neuter, nominative, singular], frafalljanā [accusative, masculine, singular], frafalljā [accusative, feminine, singular], frafali [accusative, neuter, singular], frafalljas [genitive, masculine, singular], frafalljeʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], frafalljas [genitive, neuter, singular], frafalljumē [dative, masculine, singular], frafalljeʀē [dative, feminine, singular], frafalljumē [dative, neuter, singular], frafallju [instrumental, masculine, singular], frafalljeʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], frafallju [instrumental, neuter, singular], frafalljē [masculine, nominative, plural], frafalljō [feminine, nominative, plural], frafallju [neuter, nominative, plural], frafalljā [accusative, masculine, plural], frafalljā [accusative, feminine, plural], frafallju [accusative, neuter, plural], frafalljeʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], frafalljeʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], frafalljeʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], frafalljēm [dative, masculine, plural], frafalljum [dative, masculine, plural], frafalljēm [dative, feminine, plural], frafalljum [dative, feminine, plural], frafalljēm [dative, neuter, plural], frafalljum [dative, neuter, plural], frafalljēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], frafalljum [instrumental, masculine, plural], frafalljēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], frafalljum [feminine, instrumental, plural], frafalljēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], frafalljum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. impudent, bold, defiant Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-frafal(i)-gmw-pro-adj-V-ExUppv Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *fra-, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective) Derived forms: frafalārī, frafalēn, frafalihaidu, frafalilīkō, frafalimōd, frafalidādi, frafalō, frafalu Derived forms (*frafalī; Old High German): frafalī, frafalīn, frafilī, fravalī Derived forms (*frafalīg): ⇒ Old High German: frafalīgo, fravalīgo [adverb] Derived forms (Middle Dutch: vrevelich): wrevelig [Dutch] Derived forms (Middle Low German: frevelig, vrēvelich): wrevelig [German-Low-German] Derived forms (Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh; Middle High German): vrevellich Derived forms (Old Saxon: *fravalī; Middle Low German): vrevele, vrevel Derived forms (Old Saxon: *fravillīk; Middle Low German): frevellich, frevelich
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "fræfel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol\n>? Scots: frewall",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol\n>? Scots: frewall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "frevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: frevel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: frevel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "friewel"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: friewel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: friewel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "frabol",
            "3": "fravol"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: frabol, fravol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: frabol, fravol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "vrêvel",
            "3": "vrevel",
            "4": "frêvel",
            "5": "wrevel",
            "6": "vreffel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*fravali"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *fravali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *fravali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "vrevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: vrevel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: vrevel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "wrevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: wrevel",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: wrevel (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "frafali",
            "3": "fravali"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: frafali, fravali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: frafali, fravali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "vrevel",
            "3": "vrävel",
            "4": "vrevele",
            "5": "vrabel",
            "6": "vrebel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "frevel",
            "3": "frebels"
          },
          "expansion": "German: frevel, frebels",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: frevel, frebels"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "frafalius",
            "3": "farfalius",
            "bor": "1",
            "t2": "empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*fra-",
        "3": "*fali",
        "t1": "fully",
        "t2": "evil, cruel"
      },
      "expansion": "*fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*fra-",
        "3": "*afl",
        "4": "*-ī",
        "id3": "adjective",
        "t2": "strength, power"
      },
      "expansion": "*fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*frafal(i)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frafal"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frafali"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *fra-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "frafalārī"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalēn"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalihaidu"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalilīkō"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalimōd"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalidādi"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalō"
        },
        {
          "word": "frafalu"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravalī; Middle Low German",
          "word": "vrevele"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravalī; Middle Low German",
          "word": "vrevel"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
          "word": "frafalī"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
          "word": "frafalīn"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
          "word": "frafilī"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
          "word": "fravalī"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Middle Low German: frevelig, vrēvelich",
          "tags": [
            "German-Low-German"
          ],
          "word": "wrevelig"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Middle Dutch: vrevelich",
          "tags": [
            "Dutch"
          ],
          "word": "wrevelig"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalīg",
          "word": "⇒ Old High German: frafalīgo"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*frafalīg",
          "tags": [
            "adverb"
          ],
          "word": "fravalīgo"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravillīk; Middle Low German",
          "word": "frevellich"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravillīk; Middle Low German",
          "word": "frevelich"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh; Middle High German",
          "word": "vrevellich"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impudent, bold, defiant"
      ],
      "id": "en-frafal(i)-gmw-pro-adj-V-ExUppv",
      "links": [
        [
          "impudent",
          "impudent"
        ],
        [
          "bold",
          "bold"
        ],
        [
          "defiant",
          "defiant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "frafal(i)"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "frafalārī"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalēn"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravalī; Middle Low German",
      "word": "vrevele"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravalī; Middle Low German",
      "word": "vrevel"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
      "word": "frafalī"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
      "word": "frafalīn"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
      "word": "frafilī"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalī; Old High German",
      "word": "fravalī"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Middle Low German: frevelig, vrēvelich",
      "tags": [
        "German-Low-German"
      ],
      "word": "wrevelig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Middle Dutch: vrevelich",
      "tags": [
        "Dutch"
      ],
      "word": "wrevelig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalīg",
      "word": "⇒ Old High German: frafalīgo"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*frafalīg",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "fravalīgo"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalihaidu"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravillīk; Middle Low German",
      "word": "frevellich"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Saxon: *fravillīk; Middle Low German",
      "word": "frevelich"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh; Middle High German",
      "word": "vrevellich"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalilīkō"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalimōd"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalidādi"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalō"
    },
    {
      "word": "frafalu"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "fræfel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol\n>? Scots: frewall",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol\n>? Scots: frewall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "frevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: frevel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: frevel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "friewel"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: friewel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: friewel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "frabol",
            "3": "fravol"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: frabol, fravol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: frabol, fravol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "vrêvel",
            "3": "vrevel",
            "4": "frêvel",
            "5": "wrevel",
            "6": "vreffel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*fravali"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *fravali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *fravali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "vrevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: vrevel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: vrevel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "wrevel"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: wrevel",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: wrevel (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "frafali",
            "3": "fravali"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: frafali, fravali",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: frafali, fravali"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "vrevel",
            "3": "vrävel",
            "4": "vrevele",
            "5": "vrabel",
            "6": "vrebel"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "frevel",
            "3": "frebels"
          },
          "expansion": "German: frevel, frebels",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: frevel, frebels"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ML.",
            "2": "frafalius",
            "3": "farfalius",
            "bor": "1",
            "t2": "empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*fra-",
        "3": "*fali",
        "t1": "fully",
        "t2": "evil, cruel"
      },
      "expansion": "*fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*fra-",
        "3": "*afl",
        "4": "*-ī",
        "id3": "adjective",
        "t2": "strength, power"
      },
      "expansion": "*fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafaleʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafali",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafallju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frafalljum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*frafal(i)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frafal"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frafali"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *fra-",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "gmw-pro:Courage"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impudent, bold, defiant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impudent",
          "impudent"
        ],
        [
          "bold",
          "bold"
        ],
        [
          "defiant",
          "defiant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "frafal(i)"
}

Download raw JSONL data for frafal(i) meaning in Proto-West Germanic (12.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.