See dunkalēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dunkalēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunkalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunkalon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunkalon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donkelen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donkelen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunkalēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunkalēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunkalēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunkelen",
"3": "dunkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunkelen, dunkelen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunkelen, dunkelen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dunkeln"
},
"expansion": "German: dunkeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: dunkeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dunkal",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "dark"
},
"expansion": "*dunkal (“dark”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dunkal (“dark”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dunkalēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunkalēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become dark or gloomy"
],
"id": "en-dunkalēn-gmw-pro-verb-CHek0tXo",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dunkalēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunkalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunkalon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunkalon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donkelen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donkelen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunkalēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunkalēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunkalēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunkelen",
"3": "dunkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunkelen, dunkelen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunkelen, dunkelen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dunkeln"
},
"expansion": "German: dunkeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: dunkeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dunkal",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "dark"
},
"expansion": "*dunkal (“dark”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dunkal (“dark”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkalēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dunkal?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dunkalēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunkalēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to become dark or gloomy"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dunkalēn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.