See drōbēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for drōbēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*drōfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *drōfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *drōfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "droven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: droven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: droven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*druovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *druovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *druovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "truobēn",
"3": "truobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truoben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truoben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truoben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "turbid"
},
"expansion": "*drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drōbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drōbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become sad, to disturb"
],
"id": "en-drōbēn-gmw-pro-verb-RQcpS9wH",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become murky or dark"
],
"id": "en-drōbēn-gmw-pro-verb-aud2VLeM",
"links": [
[
"murky",
"murky"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drōbēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*drōfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *drōfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *drōfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "droven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: droven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: droven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*druovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *druovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *druovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "truobēn",
"3": "truobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truoben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truoben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truoben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "turbid"
},
"expansion": "*drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drōbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drōbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become sad, to disturb"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become murky or dark"
],
"links": [
[
"murky",
"murky"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drōbēn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.