See drōbēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*drōfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *drōfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *drōfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "droven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: droven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: droven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*drōvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *drōvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *drōvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bidrouvje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: bidrouvje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: bidrouvje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "drôvje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: drôvje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: drôvje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*druovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *druovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *druovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "truobēn",
"3": "truobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truoben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truoben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truoben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "turbid"
},
"expansion": "*drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drōbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drōbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become sad, to disturb"
],
"id": "en-drōbēn-gmw-pro-verb-RQcpS9wH",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become murky or dark"
],
"id": "en-drōbēn-gmw-pro-verb-aud2VLeM",
"links": [
[
"murky",
"murky"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drōbēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*drōfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *drōfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *drōfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "droven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: droven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: droven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*drōvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *drōvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *drōvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bidrouvje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: bidrouvje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: bidrouvje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "drôvje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: drôvje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: drôvje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*druovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *druovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *druovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: droeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: droeven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "truobēn",
"3": "truobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: truobēn, truobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "truoben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: truoben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: truoben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drōbī",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "turbid"
},
"expansion": "*drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drōbī (“turbid”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drōb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*drōbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drōbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become sad, to disturb"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become murky or dark"
],
"links": [
[
"murky",
"murky"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drōbēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drōbēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.