See dobēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dofian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dofian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dofian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dovōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dovōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dovōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dovon",
"id": "to rage"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dovon\nMiddle Dutch: dōven\nDutch: doven",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dovon\nMiddle Dutch: dōven\nDutch: doven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tobēn",
"3": "tobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tobēn, tobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tobēn, tobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "toben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: toben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: toben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "toben"
},
"expansion": "German: toben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: toben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dob",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "dull, crazy"
},
"expansion": "*dob (“dull, crazy”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dob (“dull, crazy”) + *-ēn, from the same ultimate source as *daub (“deaf, stunned”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dobēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dobēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rage, be crazy"
],
"id": "en-dobēn-gmw-pro-verb-H1MBjDAi",
"links": [
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"crazy",
"crazy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "dobēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dofian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dofian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dofian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dovōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dovōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dovōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dovon",
"id": "to rage"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dovon\nMiddle Dutch: dōven\nDutch: doven",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dovon\nMiddle Dutch: dōven\nDutch: doven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tobēn",
"3": "tobōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tobēn, tobōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tobēn, tobōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "toben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: toben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: toben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "toben"
},
"expansion": "German: toben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: toben"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*dob",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "dull, crazy"
},
"expansion": "*dob (“dull, crazy”) + *-ēn",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dob (“dull, crazy”) + *-ēn, from the same ultimate source as *daub (“deaf, stunned”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dobē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dobēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dob?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dobēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dobēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Anger"
],
"glosses": [
"to rage, be crazy"
],
"links": [
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"crazy",
"crazy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
]
}
],
"word": "dobēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dobēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.