See dūkan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*dūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *dūcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *dūcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "duken",
"3": "douken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: duken, douken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: duken, douken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duck"
},
"expansion": "English: duck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: duck"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "douk",
"3": "dook"
},
"expansion": "Scots: douk, dook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: douk, dook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dūka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dûken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "duken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: duken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: duken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dyka",
"3": "duka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: dyka, duka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: dyka, duka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dūcan\nMiddle Dutch: duken\nDutch: duiken\nLimburgish: duke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dūcan\nMiddle Dutch: duken\nDutch: duiken\nLimburgish: duke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tūhhan",
"3": "*tūchan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tūchen",
"3": "douchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tūchen, douchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tūchen, douchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "tauchen"
},
"expansion": "German: tauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: tauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "dauchen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: dauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: dauchen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duk(k)ēn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dukkijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dive, dive under"
],
"id": "en-dūkan-gmw-pro-verb-oxVMvkt-",
"links": [
[
"dive",
"dive"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to duck"
],
"id": "en-dūkan-gmw-pro-verb-b6cbKEh9",
"links": [
[
"duck",
"duck"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dūkan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*dūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *dūcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *dūcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "duken",
"3": "douken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: duken, douken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: duken, douken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duck"
},
"expansion": "English: duck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: duck"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "douk",
"3": "dook"
},
"expansion": "Scots: douk, dook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: douk, dook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dūka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dûken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "duken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: duken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: duken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dyka",
"3": "duka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: dyka, duka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: dyka, duka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dūcan\nMiddle Dutch: duken\nDutch: duiken\nLimburgish: duke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dūcan\nMiddle Dutch: duken\nDutch: duiken\nLimburgish: duke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*tūhhan",
"3": "*tūchan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tūchen",
"3": "douchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tūchen, douchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tūchen, douchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "tauchen"
},
"expansion": "German: tauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: tauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "dauchen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: dauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: dauchen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*dūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "duk(k)ēn"
},
{
"word": "dukkijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to dive, dive under"
],
"links": [
[
"dive",
"dive"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to duck"
],
"links": [
[
"duck",
"duck"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dūkan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dūkan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.