"brummijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See brummijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Closely related to the strong verbs *breman and *brimman. Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *brummijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], brummijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], brummijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], brummijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], brummijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], brummiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], brummidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], brummisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], brummidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], brummidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], brummiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], brummidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], brummidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], brummijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], brummidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], brummiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], brummidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], brummijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], brummidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], brummijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], brummidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], brummijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], brummidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], brummijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], brummidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], brummijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], brummidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], brummijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], brummidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], brummijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], brummidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], brummi [class-1, present, singular, weak], brummiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], brummijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], brummid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to drone, hum Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-brummijan-gmw-pro-verb-YM1ZjMlE Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 62 38 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 71 29 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 70 30
  2. to roar Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-brummijan-gmw-pro-verb-Qbj57yIj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: brummōn 
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*brymman"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *brymman",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "might be from *brimman instead"
          },
          "expansion": "(might be from *brimman instead)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *brymman (might be from *brimman instead)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "brimmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: brimmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: brimmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "brim"
          },
          "expansion": "English: brim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: brim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*brimma"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *brimma",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "might be from *brimman instead"
          },
          "expansion": "(might be from *brimman instead)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *brimma (might be from *brimman instead)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "brimme",
            "3": "brimje",
            "4": "brimkje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*brummian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *brummian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *brummian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "brümmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: brümmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: brümmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *brummen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "*brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: *brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: *brummen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "brummen",
            "3": "brunnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: brummen, brunnen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete or dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: brummen, brunnen (obsolete or dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: brummen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Closely related to the strong verbs *breman and *brimman.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*brummijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brummijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "brummōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drone, hum"
      ],
      "id": "en-brummijan-gmw-pro-verb-YM1ZjMlE",
      "links": [
        [
          "drone",
          "drone"
        ],
        [
          "hum",
          "hum"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to roar"
      ],
      "id": "en-brummijan-gmw-pro-verb-Qbj57yIj",
      "links": [
        [
          "roar",
          "roar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "brummijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*brymman"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *brymman",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "might be from *brimman instead"
          },
          "expansion": "(might be from *brimman instead)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *brymman (might be from *brimman instead)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "brimmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: brimmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: brimmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "brim"
          },
          "expansion": "English: brim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: brim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*brimma"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *brimma",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "might be from *brimman instead"
          },
          "expansion": "(might be from *brimman instead)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *brimma (might be from *brimman instead)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "brimme",
            "3": "brimje",
            "4": "brimkje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*brummian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *brummian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *brummian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "brümmen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: brümmen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: brümmen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *brummen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "*brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: *brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: *brummen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "brummen",
            "3": "brunnen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: brummen, brunnen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete or dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete or dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: brummen, brunnen (obsolete or dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "brummen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: brummen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: brummen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Closely related to the strong verbs *breman and *brimman.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brummid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*brummijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brummijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "brummōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Sound"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drone, hum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drone",
          "drone"
        ],
        [
          "hum",
          "hum"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Vocalizations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to roar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "roar",
          "roar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "brummijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for brummijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.