"bruʀdijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See bruʀdijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną. Equivalent to *broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*bruzdijaną}} Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną, {{affix|gmw-pro|*broʀd|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=point, spike}} *broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *bruʀdijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bruʀdijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], bruʀdijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], bruʀdijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], bruʀdijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], bruʀdiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bruʀdidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bruʀdisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bruʀdidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bruʀdidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bruʀdiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bruʀdidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bruʀdidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bruʀdijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bruʀdidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bruʀdiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bruʀdidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bruʀdijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bruʀdidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], bruʀdijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bruʀdidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bruʀdijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bruʀdidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bruʀdijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bruʀdidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bruʀdijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bruʀdidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bruʀdijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bruʀdidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bruʀdijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bruʀdidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], bruʀdi [class-1, present, singular, weak], bruʀdiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], bruʀdijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], bruʀdid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to prick, point Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: inbruʀdijan
    Sense id: en-bruʀdijan-gmw-pro-verb-gEJ6EN0i Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "bryrdan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "anabrurten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old High German",
              "lang_code": "goh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "gientibrurten"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "entibrurten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "*brurten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bruzdijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*broʀd",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "point, spike"
      },
      "expansion": "*broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną. Equivalent to *broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bruʀdijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bruʀdijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "inbruʀdijan"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to prick, point"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruʀdijan-gmw-pro-verb-gEJ6EN0i",
      "links": [
        [
          "prick",
          "prick"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruʀdijan"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "inbruʀdijan"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "bryrdan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "anabrurten"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old High German",
              "lang_code": "goh",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "gientibrurten"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "entibrurten"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "*brurten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bruzdijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*broʀd",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "point, spike"
      },
      "expansion": "*broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bruzdijaną. Equivalent to *broʀd (“point, spike”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruʀdid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bruʀdijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bruʀdijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to prick, point"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prick",
          "prick"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruʀdijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bruʀdijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.7kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.