See brūkan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: brūcan\nMiddle English: brouken\nEnglish: brook\nScots: brook, brouk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: brūcan\nMiddle English: brouken\nEnglish: brook\nScots: brook, brouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: brūka\nNorth Frisian: bruwcken\nSaterland Frisian: bruke\nWest Frisian: brûke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: brūka\nNorth Frisian: bruwcken\nSaterland Frisian: bruke\nWest Frisian: brûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: brūkan\nMiddle Low German: brûken\nLow German: bruken\n→ Danish: bruge\n→ Icelandic: brúka\n→ Faroese: brúka\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bruke\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke\n→ Polabian: brükot\n→ Swedish: bruka\n→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: brūkan\nMiddle Low German: brûken\nLow German: bruken\n→ Danish: bruge\n→ Icelandic: brúka\n→ Faroese: brúka\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bruke\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke\n→ Polabian: brükot\n→ Swedish: bruka\n→ Finnish: ruukata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bruken\nDutch: bruiken (archaic)\nLimburgish: broeke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bruken\nDutch: bruiken (archaic)\nLimburgish: broeke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brūhhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brūchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brūchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brūchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bruuche"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bruuche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bruuche"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "bruche",
"3": "brauche"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: bruche, brauche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: bruche, brauche"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "brauchen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: brauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: brauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brauchen"
},
"expansion": "German: brauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: brauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "prauchen"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: prauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: prauchen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*brūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brūkī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use, employ"
],
"id": "en-brūkan-gmw-pro-verb-3hN5PVV3",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to consume"
],
"id": "en-brūkan-gmw-pro-verb-itqOlhOH",
"links": [
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "brūkan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: brūcan\nMiddle English: brouken\nEnglish: brook\nScots: brook, brouk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: brūcan\nMiddle English: brouken\nEnglish: brook\nScots: brook, brouk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: brūka\nNorth Frisian: bruwcken\nSaterland Frisian: bruke\nWest Frisian: brûke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: brūka\nNorth Frisian: bruwcken\nSaterland Frisian: bruke\nWest Frisian: brûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: brūkan\nMiddle Low German: brûken\nLow German: bruken\n→ Danish: bruge\n→ Icelandic: brúka\n→ Faroese: brúka\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bruke\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke\n→ Polabian: brükot\n→ Swedish: bruka\n→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: brūkan\nMiddle Low German: brûken\nLow German: bruken\n→ Danish: bruge\n→ Icelandic: brúka\n→ Faroese: brúka\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bruke\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke\n→ Polabian: brükot\n→ Swedish: bruka\n→ Finnish: ruukata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bruken\nDutch: bruiken (archaic)\nLimburgish: broeke",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bruken\nDutch: bruiken (archaic)\nLimburgish: broeke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brūhhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brūchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brūchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brūchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bruuche"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bruuche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bruuche"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "bruche",
"3": "brauche"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: bruche, brauche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: bruche, brauche"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "brauchen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: brauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: brauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brauchen"
},
"expansion": "German: brauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: brauchen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "prauchen"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno: prauchen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mòcheno: prauchen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*brūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "brūkī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use, employ"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Eating"
],
"glosses": [
"to consume"
],
"links": [
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "brūkan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brūkan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.