See brēf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for brēf meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "breve",
"3": "breef",
"4": "bref"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: breve, breef, bref",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reenforced by Old French"
},
"expansion": "(reenforced by Old French)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: breve, breef, bref (reenforced by Old French)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "English: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "briaf",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: briaf, bräif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: briaf, bräif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brêf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brêf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brêf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Breev",
"3": "Breef"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Breev, Breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Breev, Breef"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Breew"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Breew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Breew"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Breef"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Breef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bréf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: bréf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: bréf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "brev"
},
"expansion": "Danish: brev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: brev"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bræv"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bræv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bræv"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: brev"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "reive",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: reive",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: reive"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "brev"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: brev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: brev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brief",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reenforced by Old French"
},
"expansion": "(reenforced by Old French)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brief (reenforced by Old French)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: brief\nAfrikaans: brief\nBerbice Creole Dutch: brifu\nNegerhollands: brief, brif\n→ Papiamentu: brifi (dated)\n→ Sranan Tongo: brifi\n→ Aukan: biifi\n→ Kari'na: brifi\n→ Saramaccan: biífi",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: brief\nAfrikaans: brief\nBerbice Creole Dutch: brifu\nNegerhollands: brief, brif\n→ Papiamentu: brifi (dated)\n→ Sranan Tongo: brifi\n→ Aukan: biifi\n→ Kari'na: brifi\n→ Saramaccan: biífi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "breef"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: breef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brief"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Briaf"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Briaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Briaf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "briif"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: briif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: briif"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brief"
},
"expansion": "German: Brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Bréif"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Bréif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Bréif"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בריוו"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בריוו (briv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בריוו (briv)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mreǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "brevis",
"t": "summary, brief"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin brevis (“summary, brief”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis liber",
"lit": "short book"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis liber (literally “short book”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*murgī",
"t1": "short; slow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *murgī (“short; slow”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin brevis (“summary, brief”), ellipsis of Latin brevis liber (literally “short book”). Doublet of *murgī (“short; slow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brēf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*brēf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brēf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brēfijan"
},
{
"sense": "*brēfōn",
"word": "brēvia"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter, document, script"
],
"id": "en-brēf-gmw-pro-noun-146rTih-",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "brēf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "brēfijan"
},
{
"sense": "*brēfōn",
"word": "brēvia"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "breve",
"3": "breef",
"4": "bref"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: breve, breef, bref",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reenforced by Old French"
},
"expansion": "(reenforced by Old French)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: breve, breef, bref (reenforced by Old French)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "English: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "briaf",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: briaf, bräif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: briaf, bräif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "brêf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: brêf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: brêf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Breev",
"3": "Breef"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Breev, Breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Breev, Breef"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Breew"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Breew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Breew"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Breef"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Breef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bréf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: bréf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: bréf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "brev"
},
"expansion": "Danish: brev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: brev"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bræv"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bræv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bræv"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: brev"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "reive",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: reive",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: reive"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "brev"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: brev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: brev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brēf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *brēf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *brēf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: brief",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reenforced by Old French"
},
"expansion": "(reenforced by Old French)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: brief (reenforced by Old French)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: brief\nAfrikaans: brief\nBerbice Creole Dutch: brifu\nNegerhollands: brief, brif\n→ Papiamentu: brifi (dated)\n→ Sranan Tongo: brifi\n→ Aukan: biifi\n→ Kari'na: brifi\n→ Saramaccan: biífi",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: brief\nAfrikaans: brief\nBerbice Creole Dutch: brifu\nNegerhollands: brief, brif\n→ Papiamentu: brifi (dated)\n→ Sranan Tongo: brifi\n→ Aukan: biifi\n→ Kari'na: brifi\n→ Saramaccan: biífi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "breef"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: breef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: breef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brief"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Briaf"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Briaf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Briaf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "briif"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: briif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: briif"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brief"
},
"expansion": "German: Brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Brief"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Bréif"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Bréif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Bréif"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בריוו"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בריוו (briv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בריוו (briv)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mreǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "brevis",
"t": "summary, brief"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin brevis (“summary, brief”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis liber",
"lit": "short book"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis liber (literally “short book”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*murgī",
"t1": "short; slow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of *murgī (“short; slow”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin brevis (“summary, brief”), ellipsis of Latin brevis liber (literally “short book”). Doublet of *murgī (“short; slow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brēf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*brēf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brēf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic doublets",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Late Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mreǵʰ-",
"gmw-pro:Communication",
"gmw-pro:Writing"
],
"glosses": [
"letter, document, script"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "brēf"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.