"bisulwijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See bisulwijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan). Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*bisulwijaną}} Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, {{pre|gmw-pro|*bi|*sulwijan}} *bi- + *sulwijan, {{cog|got|𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽}} Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *bisulwijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bisulwijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], bisulwijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], bisulwijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], bisulwijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], bisulwiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bisulwidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bisulwisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bisulwidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bisulwidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bisulwiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bisulwidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bisulwidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bisulwijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bisulwidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bisulwiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bisulwidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bisulwijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bisulwidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], bisulwijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], bisulwidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], bisulwijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], bisulwidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], bisulwijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], bisulwidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], bisulwijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], bisulwidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], bisulwijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], bisulwidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], bisulwijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], bisulwidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], bisulwi [class-1, present, singular, weak], bisulwiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], bisulwijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], bisulwid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to defile, pollute, make dirty Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *bisalwijan, bisulwōn, bisulōn (english: North Sea Germanic), bisulljan
    Sense id: en-bisulwijan-gmw-pro-verb-UamqKZd5 Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-

Download JSON data for bisulwijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*besulian",
            "3": "besylian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *besulian, besylian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *besulian, besylian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*bisulwian",
            "3": "*bisulian",
            "4": "*bisulōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "besȫlen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: besȫlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: besȫlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "besölen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: besölen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: besölen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bisulen",
            "3": "pisullen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "besūlen",
            "3": "besūln"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "besūhlen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: besūhlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: besūhlen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bisulwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*bi",
        "3": "*sulwijan"
      },
      "expansion": "*bi- + *sulwijan",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bisulwijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bisulwijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to defile, pollute, make dirty"
      ],
      "id": "en-bisulwijan-gmw-pro-verb-UamqKZd5",
      "links": [
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ],
        [
          "pollute",
          "pollute"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bisalwijan"
        },
        {
          "word": "bisulwōn"
        },
        {
          "english": "North Sea Germanic",
          "word": "bisulōn"
        },
        {
          "word": "bisulljan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bisulwijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*besulian",
            "3": "besylian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *besulian, besylian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *besulian, besylian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*bisulwian",
            "3": "*bisulian",
            "4": "*bisulōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "besȫlen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: besȫlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: besȫlen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "besölen"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: besölen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: besölen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bisulen",
            "3": "pisullen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "besūlen",
            "3": "besūln"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "besūhlen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: besūhlen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: besūhlen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*bisulwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*bi",
        "3": "*sulwijan"
      },
      "expansion": "*bi- + *sulwijan",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bisulwid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*bisulwijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bisulwijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "gmw-pro:Hygiene"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to defile, pollute, make dirty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ],
        [
          "pollute",
          "pollute"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bisalwijan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bisulwōn"
    },
    {
      "english": "North Sea Germanic",
      "word": "bisulōn"
    },
    {
      "word": "bisulljan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bisulwijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.