See bisulwijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*besulian",
"3": "besylian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *besulian, besylian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *besulian, besylian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bisulwian",
"3": "*bisulian",
"4": "*bisulōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "besȫlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: besȫlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: besȫlen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "besölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: besölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: besölen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bisulen",
"3": "pisullen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "besūlen",
"3": "besūln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "besūhlen"
},
"expansion": "German: besūhlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: besūhlen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bisulwijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"3": "*sulwijan"
},
"expansion": "*bi- + *sulwijan",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bisulwijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bisulwijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to defile, pollute, make dirty"
],
"id": "en-bisulwijan-gmw-pro-verb-UamqKZd5",
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
],
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bisalwijan"
},
{
"word": "bisulwōn"
},
{
"english": "North Sea Germanic",
"word": "bisulōn"
},
{
"word": "bisulljan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bisulwijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*besulian",
"3": "besylian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *besulian, besylian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *besulian, besylian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bisulwian",
"3": "*bisulian",
"4": "*bisulōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bisulwian, *bisulian, *bisulōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "besȫlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: besȫlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: besȫlen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "besölen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: besölen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: besölen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bisulen",
"3": "pisullen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bisulen, pisullen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "besūlen",
"3": "besūln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: besūlen, besūln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "besūhlen"
},
"expansion": "German: besūhlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: besūhlen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bisulwijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bi",
"3": "*sulwijan"
},
"expansion": "*bi- + *sulwijan",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bisulwijaną, equivalent to *bi- + *sulwijan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bisulwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bisulwijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bisulwijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Hygiene"
],
"glosses": [
"to defile, pollute, make dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
],
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bisalwijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bisulwōn"
},
{
"english": "North Sea Germanic",
"word": "bisulōn"
},
{
"word": "bisulljan"
}
],
"word": "bisulwijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bisulwijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.