"birhtijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See birhtijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-jan or *birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*birhtijaną}} Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną, {{af|gmw-pro|*berht|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=bright}} *berht (“bright”) + *-jan, {{af|gmw-pro|*birhtī|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=brightness}} *birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *birhtijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], birhtijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], birhtijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], birhtijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], birhtijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], birhtiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], birhtidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], birhtisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], birhtidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], birhtidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], birhtiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], birhtidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], birhtidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], birhtijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], birhtidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], birhtiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], birhtidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], birhtijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], birhtidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], birhtijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], birhtidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], birhtijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], birhtidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], birhtijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], birhtidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], birhtijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], birhtidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], birhtijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], birhtidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], birhtijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], birhtidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], birhti [class-1, present, singular, weak], birhtiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], birhtijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], birhtid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. (Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to brighten, shine, make clear Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-birhtijan-gmw-pro-verb-gQfHOWOA Categories (other): Anglo-Frisian Germanic, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative), Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive), Undetermined quotations with omitted translation

Download JSON data for birhtijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "birhtan",
            "3": "brihtan",
            "4": "bierhtan",
            "5": "bryhtan",
            "6": "beorhtan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: birhtan, brihtan, bierhtan, bryhtan, beorhtan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: birhtan, brihtan, bierhtan, bryhtan, beorhtan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "brihten",
            "3": "briʒten",
            "4": "brighten",
            "5": "bryghten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: brihten, briʒten, brighten, bryghten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: brihten, briʒten, brighten, bryghten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "brighten"
          },
          "expansion": "English: brighten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: brighten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*birhtijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*berht",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*berht (“bright”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*birhtī",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "brightness"
      },
      "expansion": "*birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-jan or *birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*birhtijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/birhtijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to brighten, shine, make clear"
      ],
      "id": "en-birhtijan-gmw-pro-verb-gQfHOWOA",
      "links": [
        [
          "brighten",
          "brighten"
        ],
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to brighten, shine, make clear"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "birhtijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "birhtan",
            "3": "brihtan",
            "4": "bierhtan",
            "5": "bryhtan",
            "6": "beorhtan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: birhtan, brihtan, bierhtan, bryhtan, beorhtan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: birhtan, brihtan, bierhtan, bryhtan, beorhtan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "brihten",
            "3": "briʒten",
            "4": "brighten",
            "5": "bryghten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: brihten, briʒten, brighten, bryghten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: brihten, briʒten, brighten, bryghten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "brighten"
          },
          "expansion": "English: brighten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: brighten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*birhtijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*berht",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "*berht (“bright”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*birhtī",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "brightness"
      },
      "expansion": "*birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *birhtijaną. Equivalent to *berht (“bright”) + *-jan or *birhtī (“brightness”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "birhtid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*birhtijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/birhtijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "gmw-pro:Light"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to brighten, shine, make clear"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brighten",
          "brighten"
        ],
        [
          "shine",
          "shine"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Anglo-Frisian Germanic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Anglo-Frisian Germanic) to brighten, shine, make clear"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "birhtijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.