See bidreugan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bidreugan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bidriāga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bidriāga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bidriāga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bedrjooge"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bedrage"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bidriogan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bidriogan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bidriogan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bedrêgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bedrêgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bedrêgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "bedregen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: bedregen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: bedregen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "bedroagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: bedroagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: bedroagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bedrage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bedraga",
"3": "bedra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bedrage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bedrage",
"3": "bedraga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bedriegan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bedriegan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bedriegan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bedriegen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bedriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bedriegen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bedriegen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: bedriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: bedriegen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bedrige",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: bedrige",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: bedrige"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bitriogan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bitriogan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bitriogan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "betriegen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: betriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: betriegen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "betrügen"
},
"expansion": "German: betrügen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: betrügen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bi-",
"3": "*dreugan"
},
"expansion": "*bi- + *dreugan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bi- + *dreugan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidraug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidraug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrogan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bidreugan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bidreugan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deceive, cheat"
],
"id": "en-bidreugan-gmw-pro-verb-OSHAJjBa",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bidreugan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bidriāga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bidriāga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bidriāga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bedrjooge"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: bedrjooge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bedrage"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bidriogan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bidriogan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bidriogan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bedrêgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bedrêgen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bedrêgen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "bedregen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: bedregen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: bedregen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "bedroagen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: bedroagen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: bedroagen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bedrage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bedraga",
"3": "bedra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bedraga, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bedrage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bedrage"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bedrage",
"3": "bedraga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bedrage, bedraga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bedriegan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bedriegan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bedriegan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bedriegen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bedriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bedriegen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bedriegen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: bedriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: bedriegen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bedrige",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: bedrige",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: bedrige"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bitriogan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bitriogan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bitriogan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "betriegen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: betriegen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: betriegen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "betrügen"
},
"expansion": "German: betrügen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: betrügen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bi-",
"3": "*dreugan"
},
"expansion": "*bi- + *dreugan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bi- + *dreugan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidraug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidraug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrugīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriug",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bidriugid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidreugandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bidrogan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bidreugan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bidreugan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *bi-",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Cheating",
"gmw-pro:Deception"
],
"glosses": [
"to deceive, cheat"
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bidreugan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.