See bōnijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*bēna"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *bēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *bēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "biene",
"3": "bjinne",
"4": "binzgje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: biene, bjinne, binzgje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: biene, bjinne, binzgje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bōnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bōnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bōnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bōnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bōnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bōnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "bonen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: bonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: bonen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bone"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: bone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: bone"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bona",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bohnen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: bohnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bohnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bohnern",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: bohnern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bohnern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*buonen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *buonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *buonen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "boenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: boenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: boenen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boenen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: boenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: boenen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "boener",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Afrikaans: boener",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Afrikaans: boener"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*buonen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *buonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *buonen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "büenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: büenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: büenen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "shine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōn",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "pretty, shining"
},
"expansion": "*bōn (“pretty, shining”) + *-jan",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bōn (“pretty, shining”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bōnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bōnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bōnōn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to make shiny"
],
"id": "en-bōnijan-gmw-pro-verb-1GKKI8LP",
"links": [
[
"shiny",
"shiny"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make pretty"
],
"id": "en-bōnijan-gmw-pro-verb-4qaPDmAX",
"links": [
[
"pretty",
"pretty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōnijan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine)",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*bēna"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *bēna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *bēna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "biene",
"3": "bjinne",
"4": "binzgje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: biene, bjinne, binzgje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: biene, bjinne, binzgje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bōnian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bōnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bōnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bōnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bōnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bōnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "bonen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: bonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: bonen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bone"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: bone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: bone"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bona",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bohnen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: bohnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bohnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bohnern",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: bohnern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bohnern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*buonen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *buonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *buonen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "boenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: boenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: boenen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boenen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: boenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: boenen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "boener",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Afrikaans: boener",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Afrikaans: boener"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*buonen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *buonen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *buonen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "büenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: büenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: büenen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "shine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōn",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "pretty, shining"
},
"expansion": "*bōn (“pretty, shining”) + *-jan",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bōn (“pretty, shining”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "bōnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*bōnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bōnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bōnōn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Light"
],
"glosses": [
"to make shiny"
],
"links": [
[
"shiny",
"shiny"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Appearance"
],
"glosses": [
"to make pretty"
],
"links": [
[
"pretty",
"pretty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōnijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bōnijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.