See arg in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg",
"3": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Old English: earg, arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: earg, arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "arg",
"3": "argh",
"4": "eri"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: arg, argh, eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: arg, argh, eri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-esc",
"2": "argh",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Early Scots: argh, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Early Scots: argh, arch"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ergh",
"3": "erfe",
"4": "erf"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ergh, erfe, erf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ergh, erfe, erf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh",
"3": "eerie"
},
"expansion": "English: argh, eerie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: argh, eerie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "erch",
"3": "erg"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: erch, erg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: erch, erg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "äärch"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: äärch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: äärch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "erch",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: erch, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: erch, arch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*arug",
"3": "*arg"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *arug, *arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *arug, *arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "arich",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: arich, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: arich, arch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Low German: arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: arg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arug",
"3": "*arg"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: arug, *arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: arug, *arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "arch",
"3": "aerch",
"4": "erch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg",
"3": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: erg, arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: erg, arg (the form with -a- is now archaic or dialectal, but preserved in several derived forms such as argeloos, argwaan etc.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: erg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: erg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: arg, arc, arga\nMiddle High German: arc\nAlemannic German: arg, arig\nSwabian: arg\nBavarian: oarg\nCentral Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: aarich\nGerman: arg\nLuxembourgish: uerg\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: aarich, arch, arich\nPennsylvania German: arig, arrig\n→ Medieval Latin: arga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: arg, arc, arga\nMiddle High German: arc\nAlemannic German: arg, arig\nSwabian: arg\nBavarian: oarg\nCentral Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: aarich\nGerman: arg\nLuxembourgish: uerg\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: aarich, arch, arich\nPennsylvania German: arig, arrig\n→ Medieval Latin: arga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*argaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *argaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *argaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arganā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*arg",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arg",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cowardly"
],
"id": "en-arg-gmw-pro-adj-oIeF-W~0",
"links": [
[
"cowardly",
"cowardly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "arg"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg",
"3": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Old English: earg, arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: earg, arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "arg",
"3": "argh",
"4": "eri"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: arg, argh, eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: arg, argh, eri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-esc",
"2": "argh",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Early Scots: argh, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Early Scots: argh, arch"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ergh",
"3": "erfe",
"4": "erf"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ergh, erfe, erf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ergh, erfe, erf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh",
"3": "eerie"
},
"expansion": "English: argh, eerie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: argh, eerie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "erch",
"3": "erg"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: erch, erg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: erch, erg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "äärch"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: äärch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: äärch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "erch",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: erch, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: erch, arch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*arug",
"3": "*arg"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *arug, *arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *arug, *arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "arich",
"3": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: arich, arch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: arich, arch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Low German: arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: arg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "arug",
"3": "*arg"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: arug, *arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: arug, *arg"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "arch",
"3": "aerch",
"4": "erch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg",
"3": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: erg, arg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: erg, arg (the form with -a- is now archaic or dialectal, but preserved in several derived forms such as argeloos, argwaan etc.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: erg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: erg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "arg"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: arg, arc, arga\nMiddle High German: arc\nAlemannic German: arg, arig\nSwabian: arg\nBavarian: oarg\nCentral Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: aarich\nGerman: arg\nLuxembourgish: uerg\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: aarich, arch, arich\nPennsylvania German: arig, arrig\n→ Medieval Latin: arga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: arg, arc, arga\nMiddle High German: arc\nAlemannic German: arg, arig\nSwabian: arg\nBavarian: oarg\nCentral Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)\nHunsrik: aarich\nGerman: arg\nLuxembourgish: uerg\nRhine Franconian:\nPalatine German: aarich, arch, arich\nPennsylvania German: arig, arrig\n→ Medieval Latin: arga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*argaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *argaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *argaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arganā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "argē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "argum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*arg",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arg",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Fear",
"gmw-pro:Personality"
],
"glosses": [
"cowardly"
],
"links": [
[
"cowardly",
"cowardly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "arg"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arg meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.