See -ward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ward meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-weard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -weard\nMiddle English: -warde, -ward\nEnglish: -ward\nScots: -wart, -art, -it",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -weard\nMiddle English: -warde, -ward\nEnglish: -ward\nScots: -wart, -art, -it"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ward",
"3": "-werd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ward, -werd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ward, -werd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -ward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -ward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -ward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -ward"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ward",
"3": "-wart"
},
"expansion": "Low German: -ward, -wart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: -ward, -wart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-ward",
"3": "*-werd"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-wert",
"3": "-weert",
"4": "-waert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-wart",
"3": "-wert"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -wart, -wert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -wart, -wert"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-wert"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -wert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -wert"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-wardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wardaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-wardaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ward",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ward. Forms adverbs from nouns and adjectives denoting in the direction of, facing."
],
"id": "en--ward-gmw-pro-suffix-vV8TYY6F",
"links": [
[
"-ward",
"-ward"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wardas"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ward"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-weard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -weard\nMiddle English: -warde, -ward\nEnglish: -ward\nScots: -wart, -art, -it",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -weard\nMiddle English: -warde, -ward\nEnglish: -ward\nScots: -wart, -art, -it"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ward",
"3": "-werd"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ward, -werd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ward, -werd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -ward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -ward"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -ward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -ward"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ward",
"3": "-wart"
},
"expansion": "Low German: -ward, -wart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: -ward, -wart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-ward",
"3": "*-werd"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-wert",
"3": "-weert",
"4": "-waert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-wart",
"3": "-wert"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -wart, -wert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -wart, -wert"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-wert"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -wert",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -wert"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-wardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wardaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-wardaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ward",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-wardum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ward",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"-ward. Forms adverbs from nouns and adjectives denoting in the direction of, facing."
],
"links": [
[
"-ward",
"-ward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-wardas"
}
],
"word": "-ward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.