See -ēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ian",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ"
},
"expansion": "(in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ian (in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -en"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -en"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-āną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-āną, by extending the suffix alternant -ai- throughout all forms, analogous to the second weak class.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ēn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"id": "en--ēn-gmw-pro-suffix-zo9PAbF4",
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates stative or factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ēn-gmw-pro-suffix-WD7OzEe1",
"links": [
[
"stative",
"stative#English"
],
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ēn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verb-forming suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -ian",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ"
},
"expansion": "(in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -ian (in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: -en"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German: -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -en"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-āną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-āną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-āną, by extending the suffix alternant -ai- throughout all forms, analogous to the second weak class.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ēn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Creates stative or factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"stative",
"stative#English"
],
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ēn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.