See þunr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þunor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thunner, thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thunner, thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thuner"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thunar"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thunar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thunar, thuner"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dunner",
"3": "donner",
"4": "donre",
"5": "donder",
"6": "dōner"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hamburgisch: Dunner"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Donna"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Donna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Donna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*thonar"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *thonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *thonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "donar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þunraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þunraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þunraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*þunr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þunr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"id": "en-þunr-gmw-pro-noun-Se~3R~e2",
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þunr"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þunor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thunner, thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thunner, thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thuner"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thunar"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thunar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thunar, thuner"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dunner",
"3": "donner",
"4": "donre",
"5": "donder",
"6": "dōner"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hamburgisch: Dunner"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Donna"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Donna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Donna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*thonar"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *thonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *thonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "donar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þunraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þunraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þunraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þunru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*þunr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þunr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Atmospheric phenomena"
],
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þunr"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þunr meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.