"þraigijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See þraigijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-. Etymology templates: {{unc|gmw-pro}} Uncertain Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *þraigijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], þraigijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], þraigijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], þraigijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], þraigijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], þraigiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], þraigidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], þraigisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], þraigidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], þraigidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], þraigiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], þraigidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], þraigidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], þraigijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], þraigidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], þraigiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], þraigidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], þraigijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], þraigidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], þraigijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], þraigidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], þraigijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], þraigidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], þraigijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], þraigidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], þraigijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], þraigidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], þraigijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], þraigidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], þraigijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], þraigidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], þraigi [class-1, present, singular, weak], þraigiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], þraigijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], þraigid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to threaten Tags: reconstruction Related terms: þrangwijan
    Sense id: en-þraigijan-gmw-pro-verb-osDEqR2T Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for þraigijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thrēgian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thrēgian\nMiddle Low German: dreigen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thrēgian\nMiddle Low German: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*threigen",
            "3": "*thrēgen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dreigen",
            "3": "drêgen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dreigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dreigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "drēga",
            "3": "dreiga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "driigje",
            "3": "drige",
            "4": "dreigje",
            "5": "dreige"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*þraigijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þraigijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten"
      ],
      "id": "en-þraigijan-gmw-pro-verb-osDEqR2T",
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "þrangwijan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "þraigijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thrēgian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thrēgian\nMiddle Low German: dreigen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thrēgian\nMiddle Low German: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*threigen",
            "3": "*thrēgen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dreigen",
            "3": "drêgen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dreigen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dreigen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dreigen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "drēga",
            "3": "dreiga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Frisian: drēga, dreiga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "driigje",
            "3": "drige",
            "4": "dreigje",
            "5": "dreige"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þraigid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*þraigijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þraigijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "þrangwijan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "þraigijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.