See þiustrijōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þiustrijōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēostrian",
"3": "þȳstrian",
"4": "þīostrian",
"5": "*þīestrian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þēostrian, þȳstrian, þīostrian, *þīestrian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þēostrian, þȳstrian, þīostrian, *þīestrian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thesteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: thesteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: thesteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*thiustrōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *thiustrōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *thiustrōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dǖsteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dǖsteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dǖsteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*thiustron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *thiustron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *thiustron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*duusteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *duusteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *duusteren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "duisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: duisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: duisteren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þiustrī",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "dark, gloomy"
},
"expansion": "*þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”) + *-ōn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*þiustrijōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þiustrijōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to darken, become dark"
],
"id": "en-þiustrijōn-gmw-pro-verb-bWnt6PrL",
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "þeustrōn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þiustrijōn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēostrian",
"3": "þȳstrian",
"4": "þīostrian",
"5": "*þīestrian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þēostrian, þȳstrian, þīostrian, *þīestrian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þēostrian, þȳstrian, þīostrian, *þīestrian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thesteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: thesteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: thesteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*thiustrōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *thiustrōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *thiustrōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dǖsteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dǖsteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dǖsteren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*thiustron"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *thiustron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *thiustron"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*duusteren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: *duusteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: *duusteren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "duisteren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: duisteren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: duisteren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þiustrī",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "dark, gloomy"
},
"expansion": "*þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”) + *-ōn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þiustrijōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*þiustrijōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þiustrijōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Darkness"
],
"glosses": [
"to darken, become dark"
],
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "þeustrōn"
}
],
"word": "þiustrijōn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.