See parma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ugric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-pro",
"2": "*pī̮rǝm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khanty: *pī̮rǝm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khanty: *pī̮rǝm ~ *pūrǝm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-nor",
"q": "Kazym",
"q2": "Obdorsk",
"tr1": "pĭrǝm",
"tr2": "purǝm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Khanty: (Kazym) [script needed] (pĭrǝm), (Obdorsk) [script needed] (purǝm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Khanty: (Kazym) [script needed] (pĭrǝm), (Obdorsk) [script needed] (purǝm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chm-pro",
"2": "*pårmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari: *pårmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mari: *pårmə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "пормо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari: пормо (pormo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Mari: пормо (pormo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "пармы"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari: пармы (parmy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Mari: пармы (parmy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *parma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *parma (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*parma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/parma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gadfly, horsefly"
],
"id": "en-parma-urj-pro-noun-fSCIKs9p",
"links": [
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "parma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ugric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-pro",
"2": "*pī̮rǝm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khanty: *pī̮rǝm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khanty: *pī̮rǝm ~ *pūrǝm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kca-nor",
"q": "Kazym",
"q2": "Obdorsk",
"tr1": "pĭrǝm",
"tr2": "purǝm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Khanty: (Kazym) [script needed] (pĭrǝm), (Obdorsk) [script needed] (purǝm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Khanty: (Kazym) [script needed] (pĭrǝm), (Obdorsk) [script needed] (purǝm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chm-pro",
"2": "*pårmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari: *pårmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mari: *pårmə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "пормо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari: пормо (pormo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Mari: пормо (pormo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "пармы"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari: пармы (parmy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Mari: пармы (parmy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *parma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *parma (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*parma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/parma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic nouns",
"Proto-Uralic onomatopoeias",
"urj-pro:Insects"
],
"glosses": [
"gadfly, horsefly"
],
"links": [
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "parma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for parma meaning in Proto-Uralic (2.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Uralic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.