See orja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "*ver",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Permic: *ver",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Permic: *ver (alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "вер",
"t": "man, male; slave, servant"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: вер (ver, “man, male; slave, servant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: вер (ver, “man, male; slave, servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "вар",
"t": "slave, servant"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: вар (var, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: вар (var, “slave, servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*uŕə",
"t": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic: *uŕə (“slave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mordvinic: *uŕə (“slave”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Samic: ? *oarjē (“south”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*orja",
"t": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *orja (“slave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *orja (“slave”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sclavus",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Latin sclavus (“slave”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally taken as a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian autonym *áryas, or from an earlier stage of development (practically Proto-Indo-European) *óryos, with meaning 'slave' developing in a similar way as Latin sclavus (“slave”) from Sclavus (“Slav”). EVE supports this etymology and argues that the meaning \"south, southerner\" is a parallel development from the Indo-Aryan endonym through the meaning \"a people living south\".\nAlternative theories exist as well, however, but are not as widely accepted. SSA argues that a borrowing from *áryas is unlikely due to the semantic gap. Koivulehto proposed that the reflexes meaning 'slave, servant' may instead derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ- (“to work”), but later expressed support for the aforementioned etymology from *áryas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*orja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/orja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slave?"
],
"id": "en-orja-urj-pro-noun-J~9Ac~kL",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"Finno-Permic",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"southerner?"
],
"id": "en-orja-urj-pro-noun-OITOl2gQ",
"links": [
[
"southerner",
"southerner"
]
],
"tags": [
"Finno-Permic",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "orja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic nouns",
"Proto-Uralic terms borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Uralic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Uralic terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"urj-pro:Human"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "*ver",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Permic: *ver",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Permic: *ver (alternatively, an Indo-European borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "вер",
"t": "man, male; slave, servant"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: вер (ver, “man, male; slave, servant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: вер (ver, “man, male; slave, servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "вар",
"t": "slave, servant"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: вар (var, “slave, servant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: вар (var, “slave, servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*uŕə",
"t": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic: *uŕə (“slave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mordvinic: *uŕə (“slave”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Samic: ? *oarjē (“south”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*orja",
"t": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *orja (“slave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *orja (“slave”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sclavus",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Latin sclavus (“slave”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally taken as a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian autonym *áryas, or from an earlier stage of development (practically Proto-Indo-European) *óryos, with meaning 'slave' developing in a similar way as Latin sclavus (“slave”) from Sclavus (“Slav”). EVE supports this etymology and argues that the meaning \"south, southerner\" is a parallel development from the Indo-Aryan endonym through the meaning \"a people living south\".\nAlternative theories exist as well, however, but are not as widely accepted. SSA argues that a borrowing from *áryas is unlikely due to the semantic gap. Koivulehto proposed that the reflexes meaning 'slave, servant' may instead derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ- (“to work”), but later expressed support for the aforementioned etymology from *áryas.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*orja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/orja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave?"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"Finno-Permic",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"southerner?"
],
"links": [
[
"southerner",
"southerner"
]
],
"tags": [
"Finno-Permic",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "orja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for orja meaning in Proto-Uralic (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Uralic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.