See kalma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "*kålmɜ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samoyedic: *kålmɜ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samoyedic: *kålmɜ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Enets:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enf",
"tr": "kamero"
},
"expansion": "Forest Enets: [script needed] (kamero)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Forest Enets: [script needed] (kamero)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enh",
"3": "камэр",
"t2": "ghost",
"tr": "kameRo"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Enets: [script needed] (kameRo), камэр (“ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tundra Enets: [script needed] (kameRo), камэр (“ghost”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nenets:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-fne",
"2": "каӆьмяӆ",
"tr": "kāŕḿeȧr"
},
"expansion": "Forest Nenets: каӆьмяӆ (kāŕḿeȧr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Forest Nenets: каӆьмяӆ (kāŕḿeȧr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk",
"2": "хальмер",
"t": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets: хальмер (xalʹmyer°, “grave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tundra Nenets: хальмер (xalʹmyer°, “grave”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xas",
"2": "",
"t": "grave",
"tr": "kʰolmə"
},
"expansion": "Kamassian: [script needed] (kʰolmə, “grave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamassian: [script needed] (kʰolmə, “grave”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mordvinic: *kalmə, *kalma-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "калмо",
"3": "калмамс",
"t": "grave",
"t2": "to bury"
},
"expansion": "Erzya: калмо (kalmo, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Erzya: калмо (kalmo, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "калма",
"3": "калмамс",
"t": "grave",
"t2": "to bury"
},
"expansion": "Moksha: калма (kalma, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moksha: калма (kalma, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kalma",
"t": "grave, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *kalma (“grave, death”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *kalma (“grave, death”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kale-",
"3": "*-ma",
"t1": "to die"
},
"expansion": "*kale- (“to die”) + *-ma",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kale- (“to die”) + *-ma. The reconstruction *kalema cannot be clearly ruled out.\nFor previously included cognates in Samic, see *kolmes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kalma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kalma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grave"
],
"id": "en-kalma-urj-pro-noun-6-~hhBcf",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"? death"
],
"id": "en-kalma-urj-pro-noun-HON29xX~",
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kalma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic nouns",
"Proto-Uralic terms suffixed with *-ma"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "*kålmɜ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samoyedic: *kålmɜ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Samoyedic: *kålmɜ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Enets:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enf",
"tr": "kamero"
},
"expansion": "Forest Enets: [script needed] (kamero)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Forest Enets: [script needed] (kamero)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enh",
"3": "камэр",
"t2": "ghost",
"tr": "kameRo"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Enets: [script needed] (kameRo), камэр (“ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tundra Enets: [script needed] (kameRo), камэр (“ghost”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nenets:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-fne",
"2": "каӆьмяӆ",
"tr": "kāŕḿeȧr"
},
"expansion": "Forest Nenets: каӆьмяӆ (kāŕḿeȧr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Forest Nenets: каӆьмяӆ (kāŕḿeȧr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk",
"2": "хальмер",
"t": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets: хальмер (xalʹmyer°, “grave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tundra Nenets: хальмер (xalʹmyer°, “grave”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xas",
"2": "",
"t": "grave",
"tr": "kʰolmə"
},
"expansion": "Kamassian: [script needed] (kʰolmə, “grave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamassian: [script needed] (kʰolmə, “grave”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mordvinic: *kalmə, *kalma-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "калмо",
"3": "калмамс",
"t": "grave",
"t2": "to bury"
},
"expansion": "Erzya: калмо (kalmo, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Erzya: калмо (kalmo, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "калма",
"3": "калмамс",
"t": "grave",
"t2": "to bury"
},
"expansion": "Moksha: калма (kalma, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moksha: калма (kalma, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kalma",
"t": "grave, death"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *kalma (“grave, death”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Finnic: *kalma (“grave, death”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kale-",
"3": "*-ma",
"t1": "to die"
},
"expansion": "*kale- (“to die”) + *-ma",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kale- (“to die”) + *-ma. The reconstruction *kalema cannot be clearly ruled out.\nFor previously included cognates in Samic, see *kolmes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kalma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kalma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"grave"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"? death"
],
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kalma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalma meaning in Proto-Uralic (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Uralic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.